LOCATION RISINGSUN OH

Established Series
Rev. RAR-MMF
09/2012

RISINGSUN SERIES

The Risingsun series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils that are deep to dense till. They formed in herbaceous organic material, loamy and sandy glaciolacustrine sediments, and the underlying till. These soils are on lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 889 mm (35 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Histic Humaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Risingsun muck, on a planar surface in a cultivated field at an elevation of 212 meters (695 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Oap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); black (10YR 2/1) muck, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine and medium granular; friable; common very fine and fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [18 to 38 cm (7 to 15 inches) thick]

Bg1--23 to 28 cm (9 to 11 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) coprogenous silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium platy; firm; common very fine and fine roots; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds and in pores; few fine prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4) iron oxide concretions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 13 cm (5 inches) thick]

Bg2--28 to 36 cm (11 to 14 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots; common fine and medium faint gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium prominent white (10YR 8/1) aquatic shells in the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 23 cm (9 inches) thick]

2Bg3--36 to 46 cm (14 to 18 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine roots; common medium and coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bg4--46 to 58 cm (18 to 23 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy loam with thin strata of silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and common fine and medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron accumulation along relict root channels; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bw--58 to 69 cm (23 to 27 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loamy fine sand with thin strata of silt loam and fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine roots; many medium and coarse distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bg or 2Bw horizon is 25 to 63 cm (10 to 25 inches).]

3BC--69 to 104 cm (27 to 41 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; common faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) coatings of fine sand on vertical faces of prisms; many medium and coarse faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 3 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 46 cm (18 inches) thick]

3Cd--104 to 122 cm (41 to 48 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay loam; massive, parting to weak medium platy; very firm; few very fine roots; common medium and coarse faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine and medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; few fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) calcium carbonate concretions in the matrix; 3 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

3Cdg--122 to 203 cm (48 to 80 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; massive; very firm; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide concretions in the matrix; 4 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Wood County, Ohio; approximately 1.25 miles south of Bradner, in Montgomery Township; 1,820 feet south and 1,160 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 14, T. 4 N., R. 12 E.; USGS Bradner, Ohio topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 18 minutes 27 seconds N. and long. 83 degrees 26 minutes 27 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the histic epipedon: 18 to 38 cm (7 to 15 inches)
Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches), typically extends into the underlying till
Depth to till: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to densic contact: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches)
Rock fragments: of glacial origin, primarily of crystalline or sedimentary lithology
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 15 degrees C

Oap horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or is neutral
Value: 2, 2.5 or 3
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: muck, derived primarily from herbaceous plants
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline

Bg1 horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: coprogenous silty clay loam
Consistence: slightly plastic, shrinks upon drying to form hard clods that are difficult to re-wet
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

Bg2 horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y, or is neutral
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: silt loam
Rock fragment content: less than 1 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2Bg or 2Bw horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y, or is neutral
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 0 to 4
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sand, sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam; commonly stratified
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

3BC or 3BCg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y, or is neutral
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 0 to 4
Texture: clay loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 7 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

3Cd or 3Cdg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: clay loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 7 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. Thomas series is in a closely related family. Thomas soils are in the semi-active cation-exchange activity class and are less than 76 cm (30 inches) to the base of the cambic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Risingsun soils are on lake plains of Wisconsinan age. Slope gradient is less than 1 percent. The soils formed in herbaceous organic material, loamy and sandy glaciolacustrine sediments, and the underlying till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 686 to 914 mm (27 to 36 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 52 degrees F). Frost-free period is 140 to 165 days. Elevation is 183 to 244 meters (600 to 800 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hoytville, Ottokee, Rollersville, Tedrow, Toussaint (T), and Wauseon soils. Hoytville soils have an ochric epipedon, an argillic horizon, and between 40 and 55 percent clay in the particle-size control section. They are on slightly higher parts of the lake plain. Ottokee soils are moderately well drained, have an ochric epipedon, and are on convex knolls and ridges. The poorly drained Rollersville and Wauseon soils have a mollic epipedon and are on planar surfaces. Tedrow soils are somewhat poorly drained, have an ochric epipedon, and are on slight convex rises. Toussaint (T) soils have an ochric epipedon and more than 35 percent clay in the cambic horizon.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Very poorly drained. The depth to the top of an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 30 cm (1 foot) above the surface to 30 cm (1 foot) below the surface between November and April in normal years. The potential for surface runoff is negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or moderately high in the organic material, high in the loamy and sandy material, moderately low in the lower part of the solum formed in till, and low in the dense till. Permeability is moderately rapid to moderately slow in the organic material, moderately rapid in the loamy and sandy material, moderately slow or slow in the lower part of the solum formed in till, and slow or very slow in the underlying dense till.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, and specialty crops such as tomatoes and cabbage are the principal crops. A relatively small proportion is in woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous swamp forest, primarily ash, beech, elm, and maple.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Ohio; MLRA 99. The series is of small extent, about 160 acres.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wood County, Ohio, 2000.

REMARKS: Risingsun soils have been converted from Muck map units during the modernization project in Wood County, Ohio.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Histic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 23 cm (Oap horizon).
Cambic horizon: from a depth of 23 to 104 cm (Bg, 2Bg, 2Bw, 3BC horizons).
Aquic conditions: redox features present in all horizons below a depth of 23 cm.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory characterization data for the typical pedon (WD-135) is available at The Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.