LOCATION ROWENA TX

Established Series
Rev. JRC-GSM-CLG-BJW
10/2015

ROWENA SERIES

The Rowena series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately slowly permeable soils that formed in calcareous loamy and clayey alluvium. These nearly level to gently sloping soils occur on terraces on dissected plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 635 mm (25 in) and mean annual air temperature is about 17.8 degrees C (64 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Vertic Calciustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Rowena clay loam--cropland.
(Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak subangular blocky and granular structure; hard, firm; thin surface crust; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. Thickness is 10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 in)

A--13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 in), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) when moist; weak subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few very small tubes; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. Thickness is 0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 in)

Bw1--23 to 46 cm (9 to 18 in), brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) when moist; moderate, fine and very fine, subangular blocky and angular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few very fine tubes or pores; few limestone fragments 2 to 5 mm in diameter; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary that has a maximum of 18 cm (7 in) between highs and lows. Combined thickness is 46 to 86 cm (18 to 34 in)

Bw2--46 to 86 cm (18 to 34 in), brown (7.5YR 5/3) clay, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; moderate, fine and medium angular blocky structure; extremely hard, firm; few fine tubes or pores; few burrows; few limestone fragments 2 to 5-mm in diameter; shiny pressure faces on ped surfaces; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary that has a maximum difference of 30 cm (12 in) between the highs and lows over a distance of 91 cm (36 in).

Bk--86 to 124 cm (34 to 49 in), pink (7.5YR 8/3) silty clay loam, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few weakly and strongly cemented calcium carbonate concretions 3 to 38 mm in diameter; 35 percent soft masses of calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. Thickness is 10 to 76 cm (4 to 30 in)

BCk--124 to 152 cm (49 to 60 in), pink (7.5YR 7/4) clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few tubes and earthworm casts; 15 percent of soil mass is visible calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Runnels County, TX; From the junction of U.S. Highway 67 and Farm Road 2406 in Rowena, 1.9 miles east on Farm Road 2406 to intersection of county road, 4 miles south and 0.5 miles east on county road, 120 feet south in cropland (atlas sheet #68)
USGS topographic quadrangle: Lowake, Texas;
Latitude: 31 degrees, 35 minutes, 38.12 seconds N;
Longitude: 100 degrees, 1 minute, 58.80 seconds W;
Datum: WGS84.
UTM Zone 14; UTM Easting 401997.64 m, UTM Northing 3495889.41 m.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to calcic horizon: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 in)
Linear extensibility: greater than 6.0 cm between soil surface and 100 cm (40 in)
Cracks: when dry are 1 to 3 cm wide and extend from the surface to a depth of 51 to 76 cm (20 to 30 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent

Ap and A horizon(s)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 30 to 45 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 3 percent, 2 to 75 mm, limestone or quartzite
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent
Reaction (pH): moderately alkaline (7.9 to 8.4)

Bw horizon (where present)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 3 percent, 2 to 75 mm, limestone or quartzite
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction (pH): moderately alkaline (7.9 to 8.4)

Bk horizon(s)
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 5 to 8
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 50
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent, 2 to 75 mm, mostly limestone but may have a few quartzite fragments
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 5 to 40 percent, concretions or masses
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 55 percent
Reaction (pH): moderately alkaline (7.9 to 8.4)

BCk horizon
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 50
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent, 2 to 75 mm, mostly limestone but may have a few quartzite fragments
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 5 to 40 percent, concretions or masses
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 20 to 60 percent
Reaction (pH): moderately alkaline (7.9 to 8.4)

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chatt and Knippa series in the same family. Similar soils are the Abilene, Angelo, Hollister, Nuvalde, and Sagerton series.
Chatt soils: are moist in the soil moisture control section for longer periods of time
Knippa soils: have mean annual soil temperatures more than 70 degrees F
Abilene and Sagerton soils: have Bt horizons
Hollister soils: have slickensides and more than 30 percent clay in the surface layer
Angelo and Nuvalde soils: have less than 35 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: calcareous loamy and clayey alluvium
Landscape: dissected plains
Landform: treads on terraces or broad valleys
Slope: mostly less than 1 percent, but range up to 3 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 508 to 737 mm (20 to 29 in)
Thornthwaite P-E indices: 25 to 44
Mean annual air temperature: 16.7 to 18.9 degrees C (62 to 66 degrees F)
Frost-free days: 210 to 240 days
Elevation: 335.3 to 701.1 m (1,100 to 2,300 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the similar Abilene and Sagerton series and the Lipan and Roscoe series.
Lipan and Roscoe soils: occur in depressed areas within the landscape and have slickensides that intersect

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderately slow. Runoff is low on slopes less than 1 percent and medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes.

USE AND VEGETATION: Almost all of the acreage is used as dry cropland for growing cotton, grain sorghum, and wheat. Some areas are irrigated. In the few areas of native vegetation the grasses are dominantly buffalograss, curly mesquite, and blue grama and a few mid grasses with sparse overstory of mesquite trees.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Land Resource Region - H; MLRA - 78A (Rolling Limestone Prairie), MLRA - 78C (Central Rolling Red Plains, Eastern Part), and MLRA - 80B (Texas North Central Prairie). The series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Runnels County, Texas; 1970.

REMARKS:
Edited 10/2015 (RFG-CJV): Changed to tabular format. Added metric measurements. Updated horizon range in characteristics and geographic setting.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: 25 to 100 cm (10 to 40 in). (parts of the Bw1, Bw2, and parts of Bk horizons)
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 46 cm (0 to 18 in). (Ap, A, and Bw1 horizons)
Cambic horizon: 46 to 86 cm (18 to 34 in). (Bw2 horizon)
Calcic horizon: 86 to 152 cm (34 to 60 in). (Bk and BCk horizons)
Vertic properties: linear extensibility is greater than 6.0 cm between soil surface and 100 cm (40 in)

ADDITIONAL DATA: National Soil Survey Laboratory data S03-TX415-005 (Scurry Co., TX) and 71TX048001 (Brown Co., TX). OSD site ID is 1970TX399002.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.