LOCATION RUTLAND ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Rutland silty clay loam with a slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of 223 meters (730 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak very fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--20 to 36 cm (8 to 14 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizons is 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches).]
Bt1--36 to 51 cm (14 to 20 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; strong fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings and common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--51 to 71 cm (20 to 28 inches); olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; firm; common fine roots; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--71 to 91 cm (28 to 36 inches); olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--91 to 112 cm (36 to 44 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 43 to 86 cm (17 to 34 inches).]
2Bk--112 to 132 cm (44 to 52 inches); olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure; very firm; many distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) calcium carbonate coatings along vertical faces of peds; common medium masses of calcium carbonate accumulation throughout; 1 percent pebbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary. [13 to 30 cm (5 to 12 inches) thick]
2Cd--132 to 152 cm (52 to 60 inches); olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay; massive; very firm; many distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) calcium carbonate coatings along vertical cleavage planes; 1 percent pebbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Woodford County, Illinois; about 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) east of Woodford; 51 meters (168 feet) north and 146 meters (480 feet) east of the southwest corner of sec. 34, T. 28 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Flanagan SW, Illinois topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 50 minutes 23 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 59 minutes 10 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 332550E and 4522867N, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of soil development is commonly 114 to 140 cm (45 to 55 inches) but ranges from 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches). The loess or silty material is 89 to 140 cm (35 to 55 inches) thick. The mollic epipedon is 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches) thick. and includes the upper part of the argillic horizon in some pedons. The particle-size control section averages between 35 and 45 percent clay.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 moist (3 through 5 dry), and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam or silty clay loam.
An AB or BA horizon is present in some pedons.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 4 and contains redoximorphic features. Chroma of 2 or less is present in the matrix or in redoximorphic features in all subhorizons. The horizon is silty clay loam or silty clay in the upper part and silty clay loam or silt loam in the lower part. It is slightly acid to strongly acid in the upper part and moderately acid to moderately alkaline in the lower part and contains carbonates in some pedons.
The 2Bt, 2BC, or 2Bk horizon has hue of 10YR through 5G, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 6 and contains redoximorphic features. It is silty clay or clay. It is neutral to moderately alkaline and contains carbonates in most pedons.
The 2Cd horizon has hue of 10YR through 5G, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 6. It is silty clay or clay and ranges from 40 to 65 percent clay. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and contains carbonates.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Biddle, Flanagan, Herrick, Ipava, Macksburg, Malvern, and Timewell series. All the competing soils average less than 40 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Rutland soils are on ground moraines or lake plains of Wisconsinan Age. They are nearly level to undulating. Slope gradient is 0 to 7 percent. The soil formed in 89 to 140 cm (35 to 55 inches) of loess or other silty material and in the underlying clayey till or lacustrine sediments. The climate is mid-continental with hot summers and cold winters. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7 to 12 degrees C (45 to 53 degrees F), mean annual precipitation ranges from 760 to 1020 mm (30 to 40 inches), frost free days range from 140 to 180 days, elevation ranges from 183 to 311 meters (600 to 1020 feet) above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Kernan, Streator, Swygert, and Wenona soils. Kernan soils are on similar nearby landscapes. They formed under timber vegetation and lack a mollic epipedon. The poorly drained Streator soils are on lower positions of the landscape. Swygert soils are on nearby landscapes where the loess or silty material is thinner. The moderately well drained Wenona soils are on higher positions on the landscape.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. An intermittent perched seasonal high water table is at a depth of 30 to 61 cm (1 to 2 feet) at some time between January and May in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low on the nearly level slopes and medium on the undulating slopes. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometers per second) in the upper part of the solum and moderately low to moderately high (0.42 to 1.41 micrometers per second) in the lower part of the solum and moderately low 0.14 to less than 0.42 micrometers per second) in the underlying material. Permeability is moderately slow and slow in the solum and very slow in the underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Rutland soils are used for cultivated crops such as corn and soybeans. Some areas are used for small grain and meadow. Native vegetation is prairie grass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern and eastern Illinois. The extent is moderate; about 36,423 hectares (90,000 acres).
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: La Salle County, Illinois, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - 0 to 36 cm (0 to 14 inches)(Ap and A horizons); argillic horizon - 36 to 91 cm (14 to 36 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: The typical pedon is S90IL-203-049 (NSSL Nos. 91P1443S - 91P1450S).