LOCATION RACINE MN+IA WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Racine silt loam, on a summit on a ground moraine, with a convex slope of 4 percent, in a wooded pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 20 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate very fine granular structure; friable; many fine fibrous roots; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (13 to 25 centimeters thick)
E--20 to 30 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium platy structure; very friable; many fine tubular fillings of very dark brown (10YR 2/2); strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 15 centimeters thick)
Bt1--30 to 46 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine open tubular pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; brown (10YR 4/3) coats on faces of peds; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 28 centimeters thick)
2Bt2--46 to 71 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine open continuous tubular pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; brown (10YR 4/3) coats on faces of peds; about 3 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
2Bt3--71 to 102 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine continuous random tubular pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few thin horizontal and vertical seams of sand; about 10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
2Bt4--102 to 117 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure; friable; common very fine and fine continuous open tubular pores; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on surfaces along pores and on surfaces along root channels; about 8 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 51 to 91 centimeters thick.)
2BC1--117 to 140 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; extremely coarse prismatic structure dissected by few oblique fractures; very firm; carbonates mostly disseminated; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; about 8 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.
2BC2--140 to 165 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; extremely coarse prismatic structure dissected by few oblique fractures; very firm; carbonates mostly disseminated; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; about 8 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Olmsted County, Minnesota subset; about 1/2 mile east of Stewartville; about 503 meters (1,650 feet) south and 689 meters (2,260 feet) east of the northwest corner of section 35, T. 105 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Stewartville quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 51 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 28 minutes 11 seconds N., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to glacial till--30 to 69 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 102 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 28 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--30 to 70 percent
Special feature--some pedons have a stone line or thin layer, 2 to 13 centimeters thick of gravelly and sandy materials at the base of the silty or loamy sediments
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--15 to 20 percent
Sand content--10 to 40 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Special features--when mixed to a depth of 18 centimeters, matrix value is 3 or less, moist, 5 or less, dry
E horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--15 to 20 percent
Sand content--10 to 40 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
In some cultivated areas the E horizon is mixed in the Ap horizon
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content--22 to 32 percent
Sand content--10 to 40 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent
Reaction--strongly acid or moderately acid
2Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--loam, clay loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content--20 to 28 percent
Sand content--30 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Some pedons have low chroma matrix or redoximorphic depletions in the lower parts of this horizon
2BC horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value4 to 6
Chroma--4 to 8
Texture--loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent, mean of 22 percent
Sand content--35 to 50 percent, mean of 44 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content--2 to 12 percent
Moist bulk density--1.75 to 1.9 gm/cc
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Angus,
Argyle,
Bassett,
Blooming,
Caleb,
Cortland,
Gara,
Koronis,
Lester,
Newcomer,
Orwood,
Sebbo,
Taopi,
Waucoma, and
Winneshiek series.
Angus--have carbonates within depths of 61 to 137 centimeters and have a sand content of 30 to 45 percent throughout the series control section
Argyle--have matrix hues of 5YR or redder in the lower half of the series control section
Bassett--have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 1 meter during the wettest period of normal years
Blooming--have a moist bulk density of less than 1.75 gm/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Caleb--have a moist bulk density of less than 1.75 gm/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Cortland--have a moist bulk density of less than 1.75 gm/cc in the lower third of the series control section and are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 10 to 12 degrees C
Gara--have a clay content of 32 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Koronis--have carbonates within depths of 41 to 91 centimeters and have a sand content of 50 to 70 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Lester--have carbonates within depths of 50 to 137 centimeters and have a moist bulk density of less than 1.75 gm/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Newcomer--have a paralithic contact with sandstone within depths of 50 to 102 centimeters
Orwood--have a sand content of 15 to 45 percent in the particle-size control section and do not have rock fragments in the series control section
Sebbo--have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 1 meter during the wettest periods of normal years and have 0 to 15 percent sandstone channers and chert gravel throughout the series control section
Taopi--have carbonates within depths of 50 to 102 centimeters and have soft limestone or siltstone rock fragment content of 10 to 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Waucoma--have a lithic contact with limestone within depths of 102 to 152 centimeters
Winneshiek--have a lithic contact with limestone within depths of 50 to 102 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--30 to 66 centimeters of silty or loamy sediments and in the underlying glacial till
Landform--interfluves and side slopes on dissected till plains on the Iowan Erosion Surface
Slope--2 to 60 percent
Elevation--259 to 488 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--700 to 820 millimeters
Frost-free period--150 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Members of the typical catena include
Bassett,
Kasson,
Oran, and
Skyberg soils.
Bassett--are at lower elevations on side slopes and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 1 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Kasson--are at lower elevations on side slopes and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.7 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Oran--are at lower elevations on base slopes adjacent to drainageways and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.4 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Skyberg--are at lower elevations in flat to concave drainageways and are frequently saturated at the soil surface during the wettest periods of normal years
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--moderately high in the silty or loamy sediments and low or moderately low in the glacial till
Surface runoff potential--low to high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay. The native vegetation is mixed big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, other grasses of the tall grass prairie and deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Dissected till plains, Wisconsin driftless section
MLRAs--Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104) and Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
Local physiographic area--Iowa Erosion Surface
LRR M; northeastern Iowa, southeastern Minnesota, and southwestern Wisconsin
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fillmore County, Minnesota, 1955
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 30 to 80 centimeters (Bt1, 2Bt2 and 2Bt3 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (A, E, Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Bt4, 2BC1, and 2BC2 horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 30 centimeters (A and E horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 30 to 117 centimeters (Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, and 2Bt4 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Some pedons have vertical seams or wedges of sand or loamy sand about 5 to 15 centimeters wide and about 0.9 to 1.2 meters deep extending downward from the stone line into the glacial till.
Mollic subgroup based on colors and thickness of the ochric epipedon.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by laboratory data (NSSL).
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.
The MLRA 104 Steering Committee approved property edits to this series in February 2004.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-pedon 70MN039001 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).
Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 1126 for results of some laboratory analyses of the typical pedon