LOCATION RINDA IA+MO
Established Series
Rev. LEB-JAL-RJB
06/2015
RINDA SERIES
The Rinda series consists of poorly drained soils formed in a thin mantle of loess or pedisediment and the underlying gray paleosol weathered from glacial till on uplands. These soils are very slowly permeable. Slope ranges from 5 to 14 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 32 inches, and mean annual air temperature is about 52 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Rinda silt loam - on a 6 percent convex slope - pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redox concentrations; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--7 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common distinct silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds and in pores; common fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) redox concentrations; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
BE--13 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
2Btg1--17 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very firm; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) redox concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Btg2--23 to 30 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) redox concentrations; few 1/4 to 1/2 inch pebbles; few 1 inch diameter carbonate nodules; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Btg3--30 to 38 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; common fine prominent gray (10YR 5/1) redox depletions; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
2Btg4--38 to 48 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; few 1 to 1 1/2 inch carbonate nodules; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
2Btg5--48 to 70 inches; mottled dark gray (5Y 4/1) and gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
2Btg6--70 to 84 inches; mottled dark gray (5Y 4/1) and gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium and coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
2BCg--84 to 90 inches; mottled dark gray (5Y 4/1) and gray (5Y 5/1) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; many medium and coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Lee County, Iowa; about 1 mile north and 4 miles west of Primrose; 650 feet east and 1600 feet north of the southwest corner of section 18, T. 68 N., R. 7 W. U.S.G.S. Farmington, Iowa - Iowa Topographic Quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees, 41 minutes, and 13 seconds N., longitude 91 degrees, 42 minutes, and 55 seconds W. NAD 27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness typically is greater than 5 feet but is as thin as 3 1/2 feet in some pedons. The depth to the layer of maximum clay content and depth to the clay paleosol decrease as slope gradient increases. The upper 10 to 18 inches of most pedons formed in loess or silty sediments.
The A or Ap horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. They are typically silt loam or silty clay loam.
The E horizon commonly is present below the A or Ap horizon in slightly eroded or uncultivated areas. It has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2, and typically is silt loam. The E horizon is incorporated into the Ap horizon in some pedons. The A, Ap, and E horizons are slightly or moderately acid unless limed.
In most pedons there is a BE horizon of silty clay loam or silty clay with silt coatings on the faces of peds. The BE horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2.
Some pedons have a Btg horizon of silty clay loam or silty clay. The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2.
The thickness and degree of expression in the 2Btg horizon are variable and in many places are related to geologic truncation of the original paleosol.
The 2Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. The BE and 2Btg horizons have redox concentrations with values of 4 through 6 and chroma of 3 through 6 and redox depletions with values of 4 through 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. The amount of reddish or brownish redox concentrations increases with depth. The upper part of the 2Btg horizon ranges from about 45 to 55 percent clay. Horizons with silty clay or clay textures range from 2 to 10 feet in thickness. Sand content increases in amount and size with increasing depth. In some pedons small pebbles are in the 2Btg horizons. The 2Btg horizon ranges from neutral to strongly acid. In some pedons calcium has been replenished in the lower 2Btg horizons by seepage water from upslope or by leachate from the mantling material, so reaction of the lower part of the 2Btg horizon is quite variable.
The 2BCg horizon grades to a 2Cg horizon of mottled gray to brownish gray and yellowish brown clay loam glacial till.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bucknell,
Gifford,
Kilwinning,
Kniffin,
Leonard,
Pershing,
Shields, and
Stateline series of the same family. Bucknell soils have thinner layers of silty clay or clay paleosols. Gifford soils have silty clay layers that formed in loess in the upper part and lower horizons that formed in alluvium that contains less clay than in the lower parts of the Rinda soils. Kilwinning, Kniffin, and Pershing soils formed entirely in loess and have a lower clay maximum in the Bt horizon and contain less sand in the lower part of the B horizon and the C horizon. In addition, they have lower bulk densities and are more permeable. Shields soils contain rock fragments in the lower third of the series control section. Stateline soils have slopes of 2 percent or less and have lower mean annual air temperatures.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Rinda soils typically are on convex side slopes and coves at the head of drainageways which dissect the nearly level or flat uplands. They are common on the upper slopes that border the major drainage divides and typically repeat this position on the landscape from one drainage divide to another. Slopes range from about 5 to 14 percent. Rinda soils formed mainly in exhumed gray clayey paleosols, which were formed in glacial till, commonly of Kansan age, but in some places they formed in paleosols of Aftonian Age or accretion clay. The upper part formed in a thin mantle of loess or silty sediments. Soils formed in loess are upslope, and soils formed in glacial till are downslope. Mean annual air temperature is about 50 to 54 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 30 to 35 inches. The annual frost free period ranges from about 155 to 180 days. Elevation ranges from about 650 to 1400 feet above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing
Bucknell,
Kniffin and
Pershing series and the
Armstrong and
Gara series. Bucknell soils formed in paleosols that have been more severely truncated than Rinda soils and are downslope from Rinda soils. Kniffin and Pershing soils formed in loess on higher and generally less sloping positions in the landscape. Armstrong soils formed in reddish colored Late Sangamon paleosols on slopes below the Rinda soils, and they have a stone line in the lower part of the A horizon or upper part of the B horizon. Gara soils are downslope and formed in clay loam glacial till. Rinda soils are in a biosequence with the
Clarinda soils which formed under prairie grasses and the
Ashgrove soils which formed under trees.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Difficult to assess drainage as gray colors may not reflect present drainage. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is medium or rapid. Rinda soils are seasonally wet and seepy. The intermittent seasonal perched water table is within 0 to 1 foot for sometime from November through July in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly hay and pasture but some corn and soybeans. Native vegetation was mixed grasses and deciduous trees. See Additional Data section for native vegetative cover in Iowa.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Iowa and possibly northern Missouri. The series is moderately extensive and is in MLRA 108 and 109.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lee County, Iowa, 1976. Redescribed in a pit to 90 inches on August 16, 1995.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 13 inches (Ap and E horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 17 to 84 inches (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, Btg4, Btg5, and Btg6); udic moisture regime.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data for this profile are available in the Ames, Iowa, Soil Survey Office, Iowa State University.
In Iowa, the native vegetative cover is a mixed herbaceous and woody community commonly inhabited with Green Ashes, American Elms, Common Hackberries, Eastern Cottonwoods, American Sycamores, Silky Dogwoods, Black Willows, Wild Black Currants, Riverbank Grapes, Grays Sedges, Hop Sedges, Virginia Wildryes, Stiff Bedstraws, White Avens, Wood Nettles, False Nettles, Canadian Clearweeds, and Common Bonesets. Source: Iowa State Office, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Des Moines, IA.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.