LOCATION SALISBURY OR+CA ID

Established Series
Rev. RJK-TDT-JVC
12/2022

SALISBURY SERIES

The Salisbury series consists of moderately deep to a duripan, well drained soils that formed in mixed materials weathered from metamorphic sediments, rhyolite, tuff and basalt. Salisbury soils are on dissected terraces. Slopes of 0 to 45 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 410 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8.3 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Palexerollic Durixerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Salisbury loam--on a one percent slope--pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; about 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary.

A--18 to 27 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons is 25 to 41 cm)

2Bt1--27 to 40 cm; dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium columnar structure parting to weak coarse blocky; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common prominent clay films on ped faces; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 41 cm thick)

2Bt2--40 to 51 cm; dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; strong coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films on ped faces; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)

3Bqm1--51 to 70 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) cemented material, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; platy structure; very hard, firm; indurated by opaline silica with laminar capping 1 to 5 mm thick on the top of this horizon; 25 percent gravel less than 19 mm in diameter; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary.

3Bqm2--70 to 110 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) cemented material, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) dry; platy structure; strongly cemented with laminar silica coatings; 25 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bqm horizons is 50 to 127 cm)

4C--110 to 145 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, pale yellow (5Y 8/2) dry; massive; very hard, very firm, slightly sticky and nonplastic; neutral (pH 7.0).

TYPE LOCATION: Lake County, Oregon; about 1,000 feet west and 2,500 feet south of the northeast corner of section 18, T. 41 S., R. 19 E.; USGS Fitzwater Point 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; 42 degrees 0 minutes 42.6 seconds north latitude and 120 degrees 31 minutes 0.8 seconds west longitude; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 42.0118333 latitude, -120.5168889 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature ranges from 8.3 to 10.6 degrees C. The soils are usually moist but are dry in all parts between depths of 10 and 30 cm for 60 to 115 days following the summer solstice; Xeric moisture regime that borders on aridic.

Depth to an indurated duripan is 50 to 100 cm. Cobbles and stones are common on the surface and on the breaks to dissected drainages. Depth to bedrock is over 152 cm. There is an absolute increase in clay between the A and 2Bt horizons of 15 percent or more.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry, and chroma of 1 through 3 moist and dry. It is slightly acid or neutral. It has 15 to 35 percent clay. It has 0 to 35 percent gravel and 0 to 35 percent cobbles and stones.

The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 through 4 moist, 4 through 6 dry, and chroma of 2 through 4 moist and dry. It is typically clay or silty clay in the upper part and silty clay loam or clay loam in the lower part. It has 35 to 55 percent clay. This horizon has moderate or strong prismatic, or columnar structure in the upper part and ranges to blocky in the lower part. In some pedons there is a thin horizon of secondary lime immediately above the duripan. It is neutral to moderately alkaline. It has 0 to 30 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles and stones.

The 3Bqm is indurated in the upper part and is strongly cemented or indurated below. It ranges from about 60 to 150 cm thick.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Hibbard, Notchcorral (T), and Oxbow series.

Hibbard and Oxbow soils have carbonates in the lower part of the argillic horizon and throughout the duripan. Notchcorral soils have lithic contacts at depths of 100 to 150 cm.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Salisbury soils are on dissected terraces with slopes typically of 0 to 10 percent but range up to 45 percent on escarpments. Elevations range from 765 to 1,650 meters. The soils formed in mixed material weathered from metamorphic sediments, rhyolite, tuff, and basalt. The climate is semiarid with a mean annual precipitation of 300 to 510 mm, a mean annual temperature of 7.2 to 9.4 degrees C., a mean July temperature of 18.9 to 21.170 degrees C., and a mean January temperature of -4.4 to -2.2 degrees C. The frost-free period is 70 to 140 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Drews, Deter, Drewsgap, Lasere, and Oxwall soils. The Drews, Deter, And Lasere soils lack a duripan. Drews and Deter soils are on lower terraces. Lasere soils have bedrock at 50 to 100 cm. Drewsgap soils are fine-loamy, Oxwall soils are shallow to the duripan and are mapped in complex with the Salisbury series.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium to rapid runoff; saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Irrigated and dryland crops, rangeland, and homesites. Dry land grain was the major use but some of the cropland has been seeded to permanent pasture. The vegetation is Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, Sandberg's bluegrass, low sagebrush, big sagebrush, and wild crab apple.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Oregon, southwestern Idaho, and northeastern California. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 21, 23 and a small amount in MLRA 25.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Baker Area, Baker County, Oregon, 1942.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 28 cm (Ap and A horizons).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 28 to 51 cm (2Bt1 and 2Bt2 horizons).
Palexerollic subgroup feature - The abrupt clay increase of 34 percent at 28 cm (between the A and 2Bt1 horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 51 to 110 cm (3Bqm1 and 3Bqm2 horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: The typical pedon at the series type location has full characterization data by the Soil Survey Laboratory (SSL), Lincoln, NE, as soil survey sample number S79OR-037-003 (pedon # 79P0427).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.