LOCATION SATANTA KS+CO NE SD WYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Satanta loam on an east facing, convex, 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 854 meters (2802 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 10 centimeters (0 to 4 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), loam, 13 percent clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular and weak medium platy structure; friable, slightly hard; many fine and medium roots throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. Lab sample number 00P00440
Ap2--10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, 17 percent clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium platy structure; friable, slightly hard; many fine and medium roots throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizon ranges from 15 to 30 centimeters (6 to 12 inches)) Lab sample number 00P00441
Bt1--20 to 48 centimeters (8 to 19 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), loam, 22 percent clay, very dark brown (10YR 2/2), moist; moderate medium subangular blocky and weak medium platy structure; friable, slightly hard; common fine roots throughout; 10 percent continuous distinct clay films on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. Lab sample number 00P00442
Bt2--48 to 64 centimeters (19 to 25 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, 22 percent clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist; moderate medium subangular blocky and moderate medium prismatic structure; friable, hard; common fine roots throughout; common fine moderate continuity tubular pores; 10 percent continuous distinct clay films on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. Lab sample number 00P00443
Bt3--64 to 89 centimeters (25 to 35 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2), loam, 23 percent clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist; moderate medium prismatic and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, hard; common fine roots throughout; common fine and medium moderate continuity tubular pores; 10 percent continuous distinct clay films on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizon ranges from 40 to 90 centimeters (16 to 35 inches)) Lab sample number 00P00444
2Btk--89 to 104 centimeters (35 to 41 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, 26 percent clay, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, hard; common fine roots throughout; common fine and medium moderate continuity tubular pores; 10 percent continuous distinct clay films on faces of peds; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. Lab sample number 00P00445
2Bk1--104 to 132 centimeters (41 to 52 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silty clay loam, 28 percent clay, brown (10YR 5/3), moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, hard; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine and medium moderate continuity tubular pores; 3 percent medium spherical carbonate nodules throughout; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. Lab sample number 00P00446
2Bk2--132 to 152 centimeters (52 to 60 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3), silt loam, 27 percent clay, brown (10YR 5/3), moist; moderate medium angular blocky structure; friable, hard; common very fine roots throughout; common fine and medium moderate continuity tubular pores; 3 percent medium spherical carbonate nodules throughout; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. Lab sample number 00P00447
3Bk3--152 to 183 centimeters (60 to 72 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, 25 percent clay, brown (10YR 5/3), moist; weak fine angular blocky structure; friable, hard; common very fine roots throughout; common fine and medium moderate continuity tubular pores; 3 percent fine and medium irregular carbonate threads throughout; strong effervescence; strongly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. Lab sample number 00P00448
3Bk4--183 to 200 centimeters (72 to 79 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, 13 percent clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), moist; massive; friable, hard; common very fine roots throughout; common fine and medium moderate continuity tubular pores; 3 percent medium and coarse irregular carbonate threads throughout; strong effervescence; strongly alkaline. (Combined thickness of Bk horizon ranges from 50 to 100 centimeters (20 to 40 inches)) Lab sample number 00P00449
TYPE LOCATION: Haskell County, Kansas; approximately 26 kilometers (16 miles) north, and 10 kilometers (6 miles) east of Sublette (general location); located 594 meters (1949 feet) South and 61 meters (200 feet) East of the northwest corner of Section 9, Township 27 South, Range 31 West (Public Land Survey location); USGS Copeland NW topographic quadrangle; 4175748 meters North and 348024 meters East (UTM Zone 14N NAD83 meters); Latitude 37 degrees, 42 minutes, 59.00 seconds North and Longitude 100 degrees, 43 minutes, 27.50 seconds West (NAD 1983).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 11 to 13 C degrees (51 to 55 degrees F)
Calcium carbonate equivalent in the series control section: less than 15 percent
Coarse fragments: 0 to 10 percent gravel by volume
Depth to carbonates: 30 to 91 centimeters (12 to 36 inches)
Mollic epipedon thickness: 20 to 49 centimeters (8 to 19 inches)
Phases recognized: Sandy substratum, gravelly substratum, dry, elevation greater than 1219 meters (4,000 feet)
Ap horizon or A where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Texture: loam, very fine sandy loam, clay loam, fine sandy loam, and loamy fine sand
Comments: Some pedons have a BA horizon that is intermediate in color and texture between the A and Bt horizons.
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam with 15 to 35 percent fine and coarser sand and less than 50 percent sand
2Btk or Btk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam with 15 to 35 percent fine and coarser sand and less than 50 percent sand
2Bk or Bk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Reaction: slightly to strongly alkaline
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam with 15 to 35 percent fine and coarser sand and less than 50 percent sand
3Bk or C horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
Texture: loam, silt loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Ascalon,
Belfon,
Bresser,
Cedak,
Charkiln,
Critchell,
Dagflat,
Datil,
Featherlegs,
Forgan,
Hargreave,
Harlan,
Hemingford,
Hiarc,
Kirtley,
Lavate,
Loarc,
Moskee,
Noden,
Recluse,
Shalona,
Sitcan,
Sugardee,
Wages and
Wolf series.
Ascalon soils average more than 35 percent fine or coarser sand in the series control section
Belfon soils have a silty discontinuity within 102 centimeters (40 inches).
Bresser soils have loamy coarse sand or gravelly loamy sand at 51 to 96 centimeters (20 to 38 inches) and more than 35 percent fine or coarse sand.
Cedak soils have a lithic or paralithic contact at 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
Charkiln soils have a frost free season of only 90 to 130 days.
Critchell soils have 15 to 35 percent by volume coarse fragments in the series control section.
Dagflat soils have a lithic or paralithic contact at 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
Datil soils have calcium carbonate equivalent greater than 15 percent in the series control section.
Featherlegs soils have gravelly or cobbly material at 76 to 102 centimeters (30 to 40 inches).
Forgan soils have secondary carbonates at less than 76 centimeters (30 inches)
Hargreave soils have lithic or paralithic contact at 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
Harlan soils have redder hue in the series control section.
Hemingford soils have a paralithic contact at 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches).
Hiarc soils have lithic or paralithic contact at 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
Kirtley soils have lithic or paralithic contact at 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
Lavate soils do not have free carbonates within 127 centimeters (50 inches).
Loarc soils do not have carbonates in the Bt horizon.
Moskee soils have more than 35 percent fine or coarse sand in the Bt horizon.
Noden soils do not have free carbonates within 127 centimeters (50 inches).
Recluse soils are wetter in the moisture control section for 90 cumulative days between July 15 and October 25.
Shalona soils have a mean annual soil temperature less than 12 degrees C (54 degrees F.).
Sitcan soils have secondary carbonates at less than 76 centimeters (30 inches)
Sugardee soils have gravelly or cobbly material at 76 to 102 centimeters (30 to 40 inches).
Wages soils have free carbonates at depths less than 38 centimeters (15 inches).
Wolf soils have calcium carbonate equivalent greater than 15 percent in the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: eolian deposits
Landscape: tableland
Landform: sand sheets on paleoterraces
Slopes: 0 to 15 percent
Elevation: 610 to 1372 meters (2000 to 4500 feet)
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 7 to 14 degrees C. (45 to 57 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 35 to 56 centimeters (14 to 22 inches)
Frost-free period: 135 to 210 days
Thornthwaite Annual PE Index: 25 to 40
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Keith,
Manter,
Richfield, and
Ulysses soils.
Keith soils are in the fine-silty textural family and on adjacent tableland plains.
Manter soils are in the coarse-loamy textural family and on similar landscape positions.
Richfield soils are in the fine textural family and on adjacent tableland plains.
Ulysses soils do not have argillic horizons and are on adjacent tableland plains.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: well drained
Runoff: low to medium
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: moderately high
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Satanta soils are cultivated. Some of the acreage is irrigated. Wheat and grain sorghum are the principal dryland crops. When irrigated, the principal crops are wheat, grain sorghum, corn and alfalfa. Native vegetation is short and mid prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Kansas, western Nebraska, western South Dakota, eastern Colorado and eastern Wyoming in MLRAs 72, 67 and 69. The acreage is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Haskell County, Kansas, 1965.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 38 centimeters (0 to 15 inches) (Ap1, Ap2, and Bt1 horizons)
Argillic horizon: 38 to 97 centimeters (15 to 38 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 and 2Btk horizons)
Remarks:
3/26/96: Added "very" to the first sentence and increased the slope to 15 percent slopes.
3/26/96: Added wet consistence to the typical pedon.
3/26/96: Removed solum thickness from Range in Characteristic.
3/26/96: Added Bk horizon to the Range in Characteristic.
3/26/96: Made minor wording change to the other sections.
3/26/96: Decrease the depth to calcium carbonate to 12 inches.
4/12/93: Added "dry phase and elevation greater than 4000 feet" to the Range in Characteristic.
4/12/93: Added new series to the Competing Series section.
4/26/00: Reformatted the series to semitab.
10/2005: LRM modified format to include metric conversion and change permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity.
7/2010: The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is supported by NSSL samples 99KS081001 (00P079), 96NE049003 (97P0077), 90CO075002 (91P0045), and 64WY015005 (40A3129) TDC.
7/2010: TDC added Btk to the Range in Characteristics.
7/2010: TDC removed Asparas and Palmer Canyon from the Competing Series section.
7/2010: TDC Modified format and landform to conform to MO5 guidance.
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Eleventh Edition, 2010
ADDITIONAL DATA: Pedon description is represented by characterization sample 99KS081001 (NSSL pedon 00P0079)
Satanta Series
LRR=H and G
Date: 07/26/10