LOCATION SCHAPVILLE IL+IA MN WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Schapville silt loam, on a south-facing, convex slope of 4 percent, in a pasture, at an elevation of about 335 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 25 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium platy structure parting to weak medium granular; friable; many roots; neutral, pH 7.0; abrupt smooth boundary. (25 to 46 centimeters thick)
Bt1--25 to 41 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many roots; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; neutral, pH 7.0; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--41 to 54 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; many roots; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films and common distinct brown (10YR 5/3) pressure faces on faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron in the matrix; moderately acid, pH 5.6; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--54 to 66 centimeters; 95 percent brown (10YR 5/3) and 5 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; common roots; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films and many distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) pressure faces on faces of peds; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) accumulations of iron and manganese oxides in the matrix; moderately acid, pH 6.0; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 10 to 36 centimeters.)
2Bt4--66 to 76 centimeters; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure; very firm; few roots; few distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many fine prominent greenish gray (5G 6/1) iron depletions and common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron in the matrix; neutral, pH 7.2; clear smooth boundary. (8 to 25 centimeters thick)
2Cr--76 to 152 centimeters; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay shale and thin layers of yellow (10YR 7/8) limestone; strongly effervescent.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, Jo Daviess County, Illinois subset; about 4 miles west of Appleriver; located about 860 feet south and 1,600 feet east of the northwest corner of section 21, T.29 N., R 3 E.; USGS Shullsburg topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 30 minutes 03 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 10 minutes 38 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 49 centimeters
Depth to residuum--35 to 80 centimeters
Depth to paralithic contact--50 to 100 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--50 to more than 150 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--35 to 45 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--2 to 15 percent
Ap and A horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--20 to 35 percent
Sand content--5 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
AB horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--2 to 4
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--20 to 35 percent
Sand content--5 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--22 to 40 percent
Sand content--5 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Some pedons have thin layers of clay loam outwash or till between the loess or silty material and the residuum
2Bt horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--5 or 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silty clay or clay
Clay content--40 to 60 percent
Sand content--5 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, primarily limestone fragments
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
2Cr horizon (soft, rippable shale):
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY
Value--5 to 7
Chroma--2 to 8
Texture--silty clay shale or clay shale
Clay content--40 to 80 percent
Sand content--5 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, primarily limestone fragments
Reaction--neutral to slightly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Donerail series.
Donerail--does not have a paralithic contact within a depth of 150 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--35 to 80 centimeters of loess or silty material and the underlying residuum from shale bedrock
Landform--ridgetops, high structural benches, and saddles between hills on bedrock-controlled uplands
Slope--2 to 35 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--735 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 205 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Keltner,
Massbach,
Ridott, and
Shullsburg soils.
Keltner--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Schapville soils and have a paralithic contact with shale at a depth of 100 centimeters
Massbach--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Schapville soils and have a paralithic contact with shale at a depth of 100 centimeters
Ridott--are in lower landscape positions on ridgetops and side slopes and are frequently saturated at the soil surface during the wettest periods of normal years
Shullsburg--are in slightly lower landscape positions on side slopes and base slopes and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 0.4 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained (see remarks)--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth of 0.75 meter during April to June in normal years and is considered perched
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the loess or silty materials and 0.01 to 0.10 micrometers per second in the residuum
Surface runoff potential--medium to very high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are pastured or in hay production. Small areas are cultivated. Where cultivated, the principal crops are corn, soybeans and small grains. The natives vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Eastern lake section, Wisconsin driftless section, Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain (95B),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104), and
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
LRRs K and M; northwestern Illinois, northeastern Iowa, southeastern Minnesota, and southwestern Wisconsin
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Allamakee County, Iowa, 1950.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 75 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 and 2Bt4 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 101 centimeters (Ap, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, 2Bt4 and 2Cr horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 25 centimeters (Ap horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 25 to 76 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 and 2Bt4 horizons);
paralithic contact--the contact with shale bedrock at a depth of 76 centimeters (2Cr horizon);
udic moisture regime.
In parts of MLRA 95B the drainage class of this soil is well drained based on definitions in the Soil Survey Manual. Drainage class is a state interpretation.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.