LOCATION SECREST NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, siliceous, subactive, thermic Aeric Epiaquults
TYPICAL PEDON: Secross silt loam (in an area of Mandale-Biscoe-Secrest complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes), on a flat 1 percent slope in a recently clear-cut (Colors are for moist soil, unless otherwise indicated.)
A--0 to 5 centimeters (about 0 to 2 inches); 90 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and 10 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silt loam; moderate very thick platy, parting to weak fine angular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; many fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; strongly acid, pH 5.5, Hellige-Truog; abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 15 centimeters, about 1 to 8 inches, thick)
BE--5 to 15 centimeters (about 2 to 6 inches); pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) silt loam; weak fine angular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; many fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; few fine and medium tubular pores; 10 percent medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron; positive reaction to alpha,alpha-dipyridyl; very strongly acid, pH 5.0, Hellige-Truog; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 28 centimeters, about 0 to 11 inches, thick)
Bt1--15 to 41 centimeters (about 6 to 16 inches); pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) silt loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; common fine and medium and few coarse roots throughout; few fine and medium tubular pores; 15 percent coarse distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron; 10 percent coarse distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid, pH 5.0, Hellige-Truog; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--41 to 64 centimeters (about 16 to 25 inches); pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine medium and few coarse roots throughout; 20 percent coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; 15 percent coarse distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions;; 10 percent patchy faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid, pH 5.0, Hellige-Truog; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--64 to 89 centimeters (about 25 to 35 inches); pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; 25 percent coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; 20 percent coarse distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions; 20 percent discontinuous faint clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent fine subrounded 2- to 75-millimeter quartz fragments; very strongly acid, pH 5.0, Hellige-Truog; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--89 to 104 centimeters (about 35 to 41 inches); pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) silty clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; 30 percent coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; 30 percent coarse distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions; 20 percent discontinuous faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid, pH 4.5, Hellige-Truog; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 56 to 147 centimeters, about 22 to 58 inches, thick.)
BC--104 to 124 centimeters (about 41 to 49 inches); pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) loam; weak coarse angular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots throughout; 30 percent coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; 10 percent coarse faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses of oxidized iron; 30 percent coarse faint light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid, pH 4.5, Hellige-Truog; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 48 centimeters, about 0 to 19 inches, thick)
Cr--124 to 155 centimeters (about 49 to 61 inches); soft argillite bedrock; fractured at intervals of 10 to less than 45 centimeters (about 4 to less than 18 inches); weakly cemented; high excavation difficulty; abrupt smooth boundary. (13 to 51 centimeters, about 5 to 20 inches, thick)
R--155 centimeters (about 61 inches); hard argillite bedrock; fractured at intervals of 100 to 200 centimeters (about 39 to 79 inches); strongly cemented; very high excavation difficulty.
TYPE LOCATION: Alamance County, North Carolina; about 7.0 miles south of Saxapahaw; 0.6 mile east from the intersection of Secondary Roads 2345 and 2346 on Secondary Road 2345; 50 meters north of road in cut-over. USGS Silk Hope, NC topographic quadrangle; latitude 35 degrees 51 minutes and 05 seconds N. and longitude 79 degrees 19 minutes 11 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of argillic horizon: 10 to 50 centimeters (about 4 to 20 inches)
Depth to base of argillic horizon: 50 to 150 centimeters (about 20 to 59 inches)
Depth to bedrock: 100 to 150 centimeters (40 to 60 inches) to soft bedrock and more than 150 centimeters (60 inches) to hard bedrock
Depth to seasonal high water table: less than 50 centimeters, about 20 inches, (perched); November to March
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 25 percent, by volume throughout; mostly quartz gravel and argillite gravel or channers; 0 to 30 percent argillite parachanners in the C horizon
Soil reaction: Extremely acid (4.0) to moderately acid (6.0) throughout, unless limed.
Effective Cation Exchange Capacity: 5 to 20 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil in the A horizon; 3 to 10 in E and B horizons; and 5 to 15 in the C horizon
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
O horizon (where present):
Composition--slightly to highly decomposed plant material, mostly decomposed leaf litter
A horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y value of 2 to 5 (value of 6 if cultivated), chroma of 1 to 5
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt, silt loam, or loam
Clay content: 5 to 27 percent
E horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y value of 5 to 7, chroma of 3 or 4 (value of 8 and chroma of 1 or 2 if lithochromic)
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt, silt loam, or loam
Clay content: 5 to 27 percent
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic mottles in shades black, gray, or brown; commonly mixed pieces of surface soil material
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
Eg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y value of 5 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt, silt loam, or loam
Clay content: 5 to 27 percent
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic mottles in shades black, gray, or brown; commonly mixed material from surface layers
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
BE horizon or EB, AB, or BA horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or loam
Clay content: 10 to 27 percent
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
BEg, EBg, ABg, or BAg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or loam
Clay content: 10 to 27 percent
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
Bt horizon (upper part):
Color--hue of 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8. Hue of 10YR is allowed if a positive reaction with alpha,alpha-dipyridyl occurs within 50 centimeters of the mineral soil surface.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
Bt horizon (lower part):
Color--hue of 2.5Y value of 5 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8. Hue of 10YR is allowed if a positive reaction with alpha,alpha-dipyridyl occurs within 50 centimeters of the mineral soil surface.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, clay, clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 18 to 50 percent
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
Btg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, clay, clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 18 to 50 percent
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
BCtg, BCg, or Btg/C horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 6 or 7, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 12 to 35 percent
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
BC horizon or BCt horizon, Bt/C horizon, or B/C horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 8, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 12 to 35 percent
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
C horizon, CB horizon, C/B horizon, or C/Bt horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 8, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 7 to 35 percent
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
CBg horizon or Cg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 6 or 7, chroma of 1 or 2
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 7 to 35 percent
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, brown and iron depletions in shades of brown or gray
COMPETING SERIES:
Biscoe soils--have paralithic contact at a depth of 50 to 100 centimeters (20 to 40 inches)
Mandale soils--are very deep to bedrock
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation Range: 90 to 245 meters (295 to 804 feet)
Frost Free Period: 180 to 240 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 14 to 17 degrees C. (57 to 63 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1100 to 1300 millimeters (43 to 51 inches)
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Alamance soils--well drained and very deep; on higher landforms
Badin soils--well drained and fine-textured; on higher landforms
Biscoe soils--moderately deep to soft bedrock; on similar landforms
Callison soils--moderately well drained and moderately deep to soft bedrock; on slightly higher landforms
Cid soils--moderately well drained, fine-textured, and moderately deep to hard bedrock; on higher landforms
Georgeville soils--well drained and fine-textured; on higher landforms
Goldston soils--well to excessively drained, shallow to soft bedrock, and loamy-skeletal; on higher landforms
Gundy soils--well drained, fine-textured, and have higher base saturation; on higher landforms
Herndon soils--well drained and fine-textured; on higher landforms
Kirksey soils--moderately well drained and deep to hard bedrock; on higher landforms
Lignum soils--somewhat poorly drained or moderately well drained and finer-textured: on higher landforms
Mandale soils--very deep to bedrock; on slightly higher landforms
Misenheimer soils--somewhat poorly drained or moderately well drained loamy and shallow to soft bedrock; on higher landforms
Montonia soils--well drained, moderately deep to soft bedrock, loamy soils; on higher landforms
Nanford soils--well drained, fine-textured, and deep to soft bedrock; on higher landforms
Pageland soils--moderately well drained, moderately deep to soft bedrock, and have higher base saturation; on higher landforms
Tarrus soils--well drained, fine-textured, and deep to soft bedrock; on higher landforms
Tirzah soils--well drained, very-fine textured, and very deep to bedrock; on higher landforms
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class (Agricultural): Somewhat poorly drained or moderately well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Very shallow or shallow (less than 50 centimeters, 20 inches); common (3 to 5 months); seasonally, very thin to thick (10 to more than 100 centimeters, about 4 to 40 inches)
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None or very rare for brief periods
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately high or moderately low (0.42 to 4.23 micrometers per second)
Permeability: Moderately slow or slow
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Dominantly forested with cleared areas primarily in pasture and a very small acreage in cropland
Vegetation: Mixed hardwoods and pine
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: The slate belt of the Piedmont of North Carolina and possibly South Carolina
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Union County, North Carolina; 1991.
REMARKS: Secrest soils were formerly included with the Kirksey or Lignum soils. Lignum soils have a fine particle-size control section. Kirksey soils have a depth to hard bedrock of 40 to 60 inches. The type location was relocated to Alamance County, NC in 2007.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 15 centimeters, about 6 inches (A, and BE horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 15 to 104 centimeters, about 6 to 41 inches (Bt horizon)
Aquic conditions--periodic saturation and reduction in a zone from 6 to 124 centimeters, about 3 to 49 inches with one or more unsaturated layers within 200 centimeters (about 79 inches) of the surface, occurring below the periodically saturated zone (episaturation)
Redox concentrations--the zone from 5 to 124 centimeters, about 2 to 49 inches (BE, Bt, and BC horizons)
Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less--the zone from 15 to 124 centimeters, about 6 to 49 inches (Bt and BC horizons)
Paralithic contact--bedrock contact at a depth of 124 centimeters, about 49 inches (upper boundary of the Cr layer)
Paralithic materials--the zone from 124 to 155 centimeters, about 49 to 61 inches (Cr horizon)
Hard bedrock--bedrock contact at a depth of 155 centimeters, about 61 inches (R horizon)
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 149 centimeters, about 0 to 59 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data are not available at his time. Sampling is planned in the near future.
Database Information:
Data Mapunit ID--To be completed
User Pedon ID--To be completed
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation NC0255 SECREST 0-15 57-63 175-225 40-55 150-650SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0255 NONE RARE 1.0-2.5 PERCHED DEC-MAR 40-60 SOFT
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0255 0- 2 SIL L VFSL 0- 5 90-100 7-27 3- 9 NC0255 0- 2 CN-SIL CN-L CN-VFSL 0- 20 50- 75 7-27 3-10 NC0255 2-16 SIL SICL CL 0- 10 80-100 12-35 3-10 NC0255 16-41 SICL SIC C 0- 10 80-100 27-60 7-15 NC0255 41-49 SIL SICL CL 0- 10 80-100 12-35 3-10 NC0255 49-61 WB - - - - NC0255 61 UWB - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0255 0- 2 5.1- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0255 0- 2 5.1- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0255 2-16 3.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.2-0.6 LOW NC0255 16-41 3.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06-0.2 LOW NC0255 41-49 3.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.2-0.6 LOW NC0255 49-61 - - - - NC0255 61 - - - -