LOCATION SHAYHILL ID
Established Series
Rev. SHB/RWL/EMM
11/2013
SHAYHILL SERIES
The Shayhill series consists of very deep, well drained soils on escarpment toeslopes and escarpments. They formed in material weathered from basalt colluvium and residuum with a mixed mantle of volcanic ash and loess. Permeability is moderate. Slopes range from 15 to 65 percent. The mean annual air temperature is about 43 degrees F. and the mean annual precipitation is about 29 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, frigid Vitrandic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Shayhill ashy silt loam, stony, forested; on a northwest-facing slope of 35 percent at 2,280 feet elevation. When described on September 10, 2002, the soil was dry to a depth of 10 inches, slightly moist from 10 to 30 inches and moist from 30 to 64 inches. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Oi--0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed needles, leaves, twigs, bark, and cones. (0.5 to 1.5 inches thick)
Oe--1 to 2 inches; moderately decomposed organic matter mixed with 1980 Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash. (0.5 to 1.5 inches thick)
A--2 to 3 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) ashy silt loam; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; many very fine and fine, and few medium tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.3); abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
Bw1--3 to 10 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ashy silt loam; brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; many very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse tubular pores; 5 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3); gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2-- 10 to 19 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) cobbly silt loam; brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; many very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse tubular pores; 5 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.3); gradual wavy boundary.
Bw3--19 to 28 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very stony silt loam; brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine, and few medium tubular pores; 5 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles, and 30 percent stones; 1 percent very fine mica flakes; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 18 to 25 inches)
Bt1--28 to 40 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) extremely cobbly loam; brown (10YR 4/3) moist, weak fine and medium prismatic structure; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine, fine, and medium roots; many very fine and fine, and few medium tubular pores; many faint and common distinct, brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on ped faces and lining pores; few faint and distinct silt coats, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) on ped faces; 1 percent very fine mica flakes; 40 percent fine gravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--40 to 48 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very cobbly loam; brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak very fine and fine prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine, and medium roots; common very fine and fine, and few medium tubular pores; many faint and common distinct, brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on ped faces and lining pores; few faint and distinct silt coats, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) on ped faces; 1 percent very fine mica flakes; 10 percent gravel, 5 percent paragravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.1); gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 20 to 38 inches)
BCt--48 to 55 inches; mixed light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) extremely stony loam; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine, and few medium tubular and irregular pores; few faint clay films on ped faces; 1 percent very fine mica flakes; 15 percent gravel, 5 percent paragravel, 30 percent cobbles, and 30 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
C--55 to 64 inches; mixed light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) extremely cobbly loam; mixed dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; massive; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine, and few medium tubular and irregular pores; few faint clay films in matrix; 25 percent gravel, 5 percent paragravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 15 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.2). (0 to 9 inches thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Benewah County, Idaho; about 1.5 miles south of Chatcolet, ID, about 1,820 feet south and 375 feet west of the northeast corner of section 12, Township 46 N., Range 4 W.; Latitude - 47 degrees, 20 minutes, 48.60 seconds N.; Longitude - 116 degrees, 46 minutes, 11.00 seconds W.; NAD 83; USGS Chatcolet quadrangle.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
(Depth to diagnostic horizons and features are measured from the top of the first mineral layer.)
Mean annual soil temperature - 42 to 46 degrees F
Mean summer soil temperature - 48 to 52 degrees F with an O horizon
Soil moisture - dry for 25 to 45 consecutive days in August and September, moist from mid-September through July
Surface stones (basalt) - 0.01 to 0.10 percent
Rock fragments - angular to subrounded basalt
Volcanic ash influence - 7 to 10 inches thick
Volcanic glass content - 5 to 20 percent (estimated)
Acid-oxalate extractableAl + Fe - 0.4 to 1.0 percent (estimated)
Moist bulk density - 1.0 to 1.2 g/cc (estimated)
Phosphate retention - 25 to 55 percent (estimated)
A horizon
Hue - 10YR, 7.5YR
Value - 2 or 3 moist
Chroma - 2 or 3 dry or moist
Gravel content - 5 to 20 percent
Cobble content - 0 to 5 percent
Stone content - 0 to 5 percent
Clay content - 10 to 15 percent
Reaction - slightly acid or neutral
Bw horizon
Hue - 10YR, 7.5YR
Value - 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture - ashy silt loam or loam in the upper part; silt loam or loam in the lower part
Gravel content - 5 to 20 percent
Cobble content - 5 to 35 percent
Stone content - 0 to 35 percent
Total rock fragment content - 5 to 30 percent in the upper part; 15 to 55 percent in the lower part
Clay content - 10 to 18 percent
Reaction - slightly acid or neutral
Bt horizon
Hue - 2.5Y, 10YR, 7.5YR
Value - 6 or 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture - loam, silt loam or clay loam
Gravel content - 10 to 40 percent
Paragravel content - 0 to 5 percent
Cobble content - 10 to 45 percent
Stone content - 0 to 30 percent
Total rock fragment content - 25 to 75 percent; averages greater than 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Clay films - faint to prominent; 7.5YR 4/4, 10YR 4/4 and 5/4, 7.5Y 4/6 dry and moist
Silt coats - none to common, faint to prominent; 2.5Y 7/3, 10YR 7/3 & 6/3
Clay content - 18 to 28 percent
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral
BCt horizon - absent in some pedons
Hue - 2.5Y, 10YR
Value - 6 or 7 dry
Chroma - 3 or 4 dry or moist
Gravel content - 10 to 20 percent
Paragravel content - 0 to 5 percent
Cobble content -5 to 50 percent
Stone content - 0 to 30 percent
Total rock fragment content - 35 to 75 percent
Clay content - 15 to 25 percent
Reaction - moderately acid or slightly acid
C horizon
Hue - 2.5Y, 10YR
Gravel content - 10 to 25 percent gravel
Paragravel content - 0 to 5 percent
Cobble content - 10 to 50 percent
Stone content - 0 to 30 percent
Total rock fragment content - 35 to 75 percent
Clay content - 15 to 20 percent
Reaction - moderately acid or slightly acid
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Campra series.
Campra soils: have E/Bt and Bt/E horizons; have 21 to 45 percent clay in the lower Bt horizons; and have 16 to 26 percent clay in the surface horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Shayhill soils are on north aspects of escarpment toeslopes and escarpment backslopes. Slope ranges from 15 to 65 percent. The soils formed in material weathered from basalt colluvium and residuum with a mixed mantle of volcanic ash and loess. Elevations are 2,200 to 2,950 feet. The climate is characterized by cool moist winters and warm dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 28 to 31 inches. The mean annual air temperature is 41 to 45 degrees F. The frost-free period is 90 to 120 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Agatha,
Blinn,
Dorb, and
Kingspeak soils. Agatha soils are on east and west aspects of benches, escarpments, and canyonsides and are deep to a lithic contact. Blinn soils are on east and west aspects of benches, escarpments, and canyonsides, do not have an argillic horizon, and are moderately deep to a lithic contact. Dorb soils are on north aspects of terrace escarpments and canyonsides, have a thick mantle of volcanic ash with greater than 35 percent rock fragments, and are deep to a lithic contact. Kingspeak soils are on terraces and have less than 35 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. High to very high runoff. Moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for timber production, recreation, water supply, and wildlife habitat. Potential natural vegetation is western redcedar, grand fir, Douglas-fir, western white pine, western larch, and ponderosa pine. Understory vegetation is queencup beadlily, false Solomon's seal, western meadowrue, Idaho goldthread, sweetscented bedstraw, American trailplant, rose, longtube twinflower, Ross' sedge, and brome.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Idaho, U.S.A.; MLRA 43A. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Benewah County, Idaho, 2013.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 3 inches (Oi, Oe, and A horizons)
Cambic horizon - the zone from 3 to 28 inches (Bw1, Bw2 and Bw3 horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 28 to 48 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Vitrandic feature - the zone from 2 to 10 inches (A and Bw1 horizons)
Particle-size control section - the zone from 28 to 48 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.