LOCATION SHIVA OREstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy, glassy, mesic Vitrandic Haploxerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Shiva fine sandy loam - on a 50 percent slope at an elevation of 2300 feet, rangeland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 4 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel size pumice and 10 percent 0.5mm to 2.0mm sand-size pumice; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
BA--4 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel size pumice and 20 percent 0.5mm to 2.0mm sand-size pumice; neutral (pH 6.6); clear 10 smooth boundary. (0 to 11 inches thick)
Bw1--9 to 18 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine, fine and few medium roots; many very fine, fine and few medium tubular pores; 10 percent gravel size pumice and 10 percent 0.5mm to 2.0mm sand-size pumice; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--18 to 28 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine, fine and few medium roots; many very fine, fine and few medium tubular pores; 15 percent gravel size pumice and 10 percent 0.5mm to 2.0mm sand-size pumice; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary.
Bw3--28 to 44 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine and few medium roots; common very fine, fine and few medium tubular pores; 20 percent gravel size pumice and 10 percent 0.5mm to 2.0mm sand-size pumice; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 26 to 40 inches)
C--44 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 3/3) very gravelly fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; massive; hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine and few medium roots; common very fine, fine and few medium tubular pores; 35 percent gravel size pumice and 15 percent 0.5mm to 2.0mm pumice; mildly alkaline (pH 7.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Jefferson County, Oregon, about 300 feet east and 1100 feet north of the SW corner of section 23, T.9 S., R.11 E. (Latitude 44 degrees, 46 minutes, 13 seconds N, Longitude 121 degrees, 23 minutes, 50 seconds W) Warm Springs Indian Reservation.
RANGE OF CHARACTERISTICS: These soils are usually moist, but are dry in all parts of the moisture control section for 90 to 120 consecutive days within the four months that follow the summer solstice. The mean annual soil temperature is 50 to 52 degrees F. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. The mollic epipedon is 10 to 20 inches thick and may include the upper part of the Bw horizon. The particle-size control section is 10 to 18 percent clay, 30 to 45 percent volcanic glass and glass coated aggregate, 0.2 to 0.4 percent acid oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half iron, and 8 to 12 percent 15-bar water retention on an air-dried sample.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 moist, 3 or 4 dry and chroma of 1 or 2 moist or dry. It contains 5 to 10 percent gravel gravel size pumice and 5 to 20 percent 0.5mm to 2.0mm sand-size pumice.
The Bw horizon has value of 3 or 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry and chroma of 2 or 3 moist and dry. It is loam or fine sandy loam and contains 5 to 25 percent gravel size pumice and 10 to 25 percent 0.5mm to 2.0mm sand-size pumice. Soil reaction is slightly acid to neutral.
The C horizon has value of 3 or 4 moist, 5 or 6 dry and chroma of 3 or 4 moist and dry. It is loam or fine sandy loam and contains 20 to 40 percent pumice gravel and 15 to 30 percent 0.5mm to 2.0mm sand-size pumice.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Achelake (T), Dinkels, Mansonia (T), Nemire (T), Watco and Zark series. Achelake soils have less than 15 percent gravel size pumice in the particle-size control section. Mansonia soils are 40 to 60 inches to bedrock or dense glacial till and have a mollic epipedon 7 to 12 inches thick. Nemire soils have a mean annual soil temperature of 47 to 50 degrees F., have a mollic epipedon 20 to 55 inches thick, and high chroma mottles below 40 inches. Zark soils are 20 to 40 inches to soft bedrock. Watco soils are dry for 75 to 90 consecutive days. Dinkels soils are deep to bedrock and have a mean annual soil temperature of 47 to 49 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Shiva soils are on nearly level to steep north-facing side slopes of canyons. The soil formed in residuum and colluvium derived dominantly from volcanic ash and pumice. Slopes are 0 to 55 percent. Elevations are 2200 to 2800 feet. The climate is characterized by cool and wet winters and hot and dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 12 to 14 inches. The mean annual temperature is 48 to 50 degrees F. The frost-free period is 100 to 140 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Gwinly, Rockly, Thiessen and Watama soils. Gwinly soils are on south-facing side slopes, clayey-skeletal and shallow to basalt. Rockly soils are on mesas, loamy-skeletal and very shallow to basalt. Thiessen soils are on south-facing side slopes, clayey-skeletal and moderately deep to basalt. Watama soils are on mesas, fine-loamy, and moderately deep to basalt.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate to moderately rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The native vegetation is antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass and Idaho fescue.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central Oregon; MLRA 10. The soils of this series are not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jefferson County (Warm Springs Indian Reservation), Oregon, 1993.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Full laboratory data is available for this soil. Reference sample S91OR-031-102, pedon # 91P1149 from Jefferson County, Oregon; NSSL, Lincoln, NE, 2/92.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 18 inches ( A, BA, and Bw1 horizons).
Vitrandic feature - from 0 to 44 inches (A, BA, Bw1, Bw2, and Bw3 horizons) having 30 to 40 percent volcanic glass and glass coated aggregate, 0.19 to 0.29 percent acid oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half iron, and 9.3 to 10.2 percent 15-bar water on air-dried samples.