LOCATION SMITHPOND               UT

Established Series
Rev. CSW/JWB
01/2023

SMITHPOND SERIES

The Smithpond series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium and eolian deposits derived from interbedded calcareous sedimentary rocks. Smithpond soils are on fan remnants, alluvial fans, structural benches and mesas. Slopes range from 1 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 25 cm and the mean annual temperature is about 8.5 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplocalcids

TYPICAL PEDON: Smithpond gravelly fine sandy loam, on a west facing, concave, 3 percent slope in rangeland at an elevation of 1,618 meters. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 15 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/3) gravelly fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3), moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few coarse, common medium and fine and many very fine roots; 1 percent stones, 3 percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent (7 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline (pH 8.1); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 16 cm thick)

Bw--15 to 53 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common coarse, medium, fine and very fine roots; 5 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent (8 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. (15 to 45 cm thick)

Bk1--53 to 71 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4), moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few coarse and common medium, fine and very fine roots; 1 percent cobbles, 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent (12 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), few threadlike very weakly cemented carbonate masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary.

Bk2--71 to 99 cm; pink (7.5YR 7/4) fine sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few medium and common fine and very fine roots; 2 percent cobbles and 12 percent gravel; violently effervescent (19 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), common distinct carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; common threadlike very weakly cemented carbonate masses; 1 percent gypsum content; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5); gradual wavy boundary.

Bk3--99 to 138 cm; pink (7.5YR 8/3) gravelly fine sandy loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4), moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; 5 percent cobbles and 25 percent gravel; violently effervescent (34 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), many prominent carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 2 percent gypsum content; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Bk horizons is 56 to 85 cm)

BCk--138 to 155 cm; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) gravelly fine sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; 7 percent cobbles, 20 percent gravel; strongly effervescent (10 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), common distinct carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 2 percent gypsum content; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Emery County, Utah; about 16 kilometers (10 miles) north-northwest of Woodside ghost town; about 2,450 feet east and 2,000 feet north of the SW corner of section 27, T 16 S., R 13 E.; Cedar USGS quad; lat. 39 degrees 23 minutes 7 seconds N. and long. 110 degrees 26 minutes 50 seconds W., NAD 83

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is usually dry, but intermittently moist during late summer and early fall. Aridic moisture regime bordering on ustic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to calcic horizon: 20 to 60 cm
Depth to cambic horizon: 8 to 16 cm
Lithology of rock fragments: sandstone from the Entrada formation and gypsiferous claystone, mudstone and shale from the Morrison formation, both calcareous

Particle-size control section (weighted averages):
Total clay content: 10 to 18 percent
Noncarbonate clay content: 2 to 17 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 15 percent, mainly gravel

A horizon:
Hue: 10 YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture: very fine sandy loam, gravelly fine sandy loam, very stony fine sandy loam
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 60 percent total; 0 to 40 percent stones, 0 to 30 percent cobbles, 0 to 35 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent
Electrical conductivity: 0 to 2 mmhos/cm
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 1
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bw horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry; 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry and 2 to 6 moist
Texture: fine sandy loam
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent total; 0 to 3 percent stones and cobbles, 0 to 15 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 15 percent
Electrical conductivity: 0 to 2 mmhos/cm
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 1
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bk horizons:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 to 8 dry; 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry and 2 to 6 moist
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, gravelly fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 20 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent total in any individual horizon; 0 to 3 percent stones, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, 0 to 30 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 40 percent
Electrical conductivity: 0 to 2 mmhos/cm
Gypsum: 0 to 3 percent
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 2
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline

BCk, 2C horizons (usually below the particle-size control section):
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 6 or 7 dry; 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 4 to 6 dry or moist
Texture: gravelly fine sandy loam, very stony fine sandy loam
Clay content: 4 to 20 percent
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent total; 0 to 15 percent stones, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, 5 to 35 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 30 percent
Electrical conductivity: 0 to 4 mmhos/cm
Gypsum: 0 to 3 percent
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 2
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Abracon (UT), ThumbRock (UT), Chroder (CO), Chugcity (WY), Chupadera (NM), Cobbra (UT), Harvey (NM), Kaiar (UT), Milok (UT), Mivida (UT), Nala T (CO), Sazi (UT), and Yattle (CO) series.
Abracon and Harvey soils average more than 18 percent total clay in the particle-size control section.
Chroder soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the calcic horizon and below.
ThumbRock, Chugcity, Chupadera, Kaiar, Mivida, and Sazi soils have a lithic or paralithic contact.
Cobbra soils have a lithologic discontinuity to glaciofluvial deposits containing greater than 35 percent rock fragments.
Milok and Mivida soils have mean annual soil temperature higher than 11 degrees C. (52 degrees F.).
Nala soils have a lithologic discontinuity over sandy-skeletal materials.
Yattle soils have hue redder than 7.5YR.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: alluvium and eolian deposits derived from calcareous sandstone and shale; shale contains gypsum, principally from the Mancos, Dakota, and Morrison Formations
Landform: fan remnants, alluvial fans, structural benches and mesas
Slopes: 1 to 8 percent
Elevation: 1,524 to 2,072 meters
Mean annual temperature: 7.2 to 10.0 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 30 cm
Precipitation pattern: Wettest months are July to October and driest months are December and June.
Frost-free period: 110 to 150 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Barx, Leebench, Wayneco and competing ThumbRock series. Barx soils have an argillic horizon and are on alluvial flats under Wyoming big sagebrush. Leebench soils have a natric horizon and are on alluvial fans under Castlevalley saltbush. ThumbRock and Wayneco soils are less than 100 cm to a lithic contact and are on ridges of structural benches.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, low or very low runoff, moderate permeability (moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity).

USE AND VEGETATION: Irrigated cropland and rangeland. Irrigated areas are used for corn, oats, wheat or hay production. In rangeland, existing plants include fourwing saltbush, Torrey's jointfir, Cutler mormon tea, winterfat, Indian ricegrass, galleta, and needleandthread.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Utah, Warm Central Desertic Basins and Plateaus; LRR D, MLRA 34B; moderate extent; about 6,500 hectares (16,000 acres) in Emery and Carbon Counties, Utah.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Emery County, Utah, Emery Area, Utah, 2011, Parts of Emery, Carbon, Grand and Sevier Counties soil survey area. Named for nearby Smith Pond. Prior to 2010 Smithpond soils were included in the Milok series.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Series control section: The zone from 0 to 200 cm.
Particle-size control section: The zone from 25 to 100 cm. (parts of Bw, Bk1 horizons)
Ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 15 cm. (A horizon)
Cambic horizon: The zone from 15 to 53 cm. (Bw horizon)
Calcic horizon: The zone from 53 to 138 cm. (Bk horizons)

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomic Version: Classified according to Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.