LOCATION SODUS NY
Established Series
Rev. MGC-JWW
09/2015
SODUS SERIES
The Sodus series consists of deep, well drained soils on uplands. They are nearly level to very steep slowly permeable soils that formed in firm basal till dominated by red and gray sandstone. Sodus soils typically have a dark grayish brown gravelly loam Ap horizon, a yellowish brown friable gravelly very fine sandy loam B horizon, a pale brown gravelly very fine sandy loam E horizon, dark brown gravelly loam and gravelly very fine sandy loam fragipan over very firm dark brown very fine sandy loam basal till.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Fragiudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Sodus gravelly loam - cultivated. (Colors are for moist broken soil.)
Ap--0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 20 percent coarse fragments; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (15 to 25 centimeters thick)
B2--5 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly very fine sandy loam; very weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; many fine and medium pores; 30 percent coarse fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 30 centimeters thick)
E--16 to 20 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly very fine sandy loam; moderate medium platy structure; firm; few fine roots; many fine pores; 20 percent coarse fragments; centers of plates are brown (7.5YR 4/4); strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 15 centimeters thick)
Bx1--20 to 30 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly loam; strong very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and thick platy structure; very firm, brittle; roots confined to interprism spaces; many fine clay-lined pores and clayey spots with frayed edges in prism interiors; prisms separated by light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam wedge-shaped extentions of A2 material tapering from 3/4 inches at top to mere films at bottom; 25 percent coarse fragments; moderately acid; diffuse boundary. (15 to 50 centimeters thick)
Bx2--30 to 53 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly very fine sandy loam; few vertical cleavage planes 2 to 4 feet apart divide the horizon into extremely large prisms, very weak medium platy structure to massive within prisms; very firm, brittle; many fine pores, some with clay lining; film of light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sand on prism faces; 30 percent coarse fragments; slightly acid; diffuse boundary. (25 to 75 centimeters thick)
C1--53 to 69 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly very fine sandy loam; moderate medium and thick lens-like platy structure; very firm; few pores; 35 percent coarse fragments; slightly acid at top, pH increasing to neutral at bottom; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 60 centi- meters thick)
C2--69 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly very fine sandy loam moderate medium and thick lens-like platy structure; very firm; few pores; 35 percent coarse fragments; slightly acid at top increasing to neutral at bottom; caclareous; clear wavy boundary.
TYPE LOCATION: Cayuga County, New York; 1.9 kilometers north of Sterling Valley, 9 meters east of highest point of road across broad hilltop.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of solum ranges from 100 to 163 centimeters. Depth to carbonates ranges from 1.2 to 2.4 meters. Depth to bedrock is more than 1 meters. Depth to the fragipan ranges from 38 to 60 centimeters. The control section has more than 40 percent sand and less than 40 percent silt in the fine earth. Rock fragments range from 10 to 30 percent above the fragipan including up to 15 percent greater than 7.5 centimers in diameter and 10 to 50 percent in the fragipan and C horizons including up to 5 percent greater than 7.5 centimeters in diameter. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral if limed in the A horizon, strongly acid to medium acid in the B2 and A`2 and medium acid to mildy alkaline beneath.
The Ap horizon has hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 3 through 5 and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture ranges from fine sandy loam to silt loam in the fine earth fraction.
The Bw horizon has hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 3 through 6. Texture is commonly fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam in the fine earth fraction and less commonly sandy loam. It is massive or has weak granular or blocky structure, and friable or very friable consistence.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture ranges from sandy loam to loam in the fine earth fraction. It is massive or has weak platy structure and friable or firm consistence. The horizon may be mottled.
The Bx horizon has hue of 2.5YR through 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture is commonly very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam and less commonly sandy loam. Structure is very coarse prismatic with prisms ranging in size from 15 to 60 centimeters across. It is firm to very firm and brittle. Material like that of the E horizon extends downward between prisms.
The C horizon is similar to the Bx horizon in color and texture but is massive or platy.
COMPETING SERIES: The
Bath,
Bernardston,
Braceville,
Broadalbin,
Broadbrook,
Ira,
Lackawanna,
Ludlow,
Mardin,
Montauk,
Nantucket,
Newport,
Paxton,
Pittstown,
Scituate,
Swartswood,
Wellsboro, Wethersfiel,
Woodbridge and
Wurtsboro soils are members of the same family. Bath, Lackawanna, Mardin, and Wellsboro soils commonly have 55 percent or more silt plus very fine sand in particle size control section. Bernardston, Broadbrook, Newport, Paxton, Pittstown, Scituate, and Woodbridge have Cx horizons. In addition Bernardston has greater than 50 percent silt and very fine sand, Broadbook has greater than 50 percent silt, Newport is strongly acid to medium acid in the Cx and has 2.5Y or yellower hues in the B and Cx; Pittstown, Scituate and Woodbridge are mottled in the B2 and Scituate has loamy fine sand or coarser texture in the Cx. Braceville, Ira, Mardin, Wellsboro and Wurtsboro soils have distinct or prominent mottles below depths of 30 to 75 centimeters. Broadalbin soils have silt loam to fine sandy loam control sections with more than 40 percent silt. Ludlow, Montauk, and
Wethersfield soils have fragipans that have weak platy structure or are massive. Nantucket and Swartswood soils are extremely acid to strongly acid throughout.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Sodus soils are on drumlins and other convex landforms of glacial till plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 45 percent. The soils developed in firm basal till dominated by red and gray sandstone with variable components of limestone, shale, and some erratic crystalline igneous material. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 80 to 113 centimeters; mean annual air temperature, from 7 to 9 degrees C.; mean growing season, from 120 to 180 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The
Ira,
Scriba, and
Sun soils are moderately well, somewhat poorly and poorly, very poorly drained soils in a drainage sequence with Sodus.
Amboy soils and associates occupy associated corase silty lake sediments;
Alton or
Howard soils are on associated glacial outwash terraces; and
Colonie soils are associated on sandy deltas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium to rapid; internal drainage is slow. Permeability is moderate above the fragipan and slow or very slow in the fragipan and C.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas have been cleared and are used mainly to grow pasture, hay, oats, and corn for silage. Locally deciduous fruit is important. Woodlots contain sugar maple, red maple, red oak, some hickory, American beech, yellow birch, and associated species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Lake Ontario Plain and Western Mohawk Valley of New York. The series is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wayne County, New York, 1949.
REMARKS: The typifying pedon is one sampled under No. S58NY-6-2, for which analytical data are available.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.