LOCATION SPRINGBAR               NV

Established Series
Rev. PWB/BAG/JBF
02/2012

SPRINGBAR SERIES

The Springbar series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in mixed alluvium derived mainly from welded tuff. Springbar soils are on spits and longshore bars of relict lake shores. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Xeric Haplocambids

TYPICAL PEDON: Springbar sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 5 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 cm thick)

A2--5 to 13 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium platy structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine and common fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 10 cm thick)

Bw--13 to 30 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and common fine roots; many very fine interstitial and few very fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 30 cm thick)

Bk--30 to 61 cm; light gray (10YR 7/1) gravelly coarse sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and common fine roots; many very fine interstitial and few very fine tubular pores; common (10 percent) distinct secondary calcium carbonate coats on the bottom of rock fragments; calcium carbonate equivalent 1 percent; 20 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear wavy boundary. (30 to 86 cm thick)

Bqk1--61 to 132 cm; light gray (10YR 7/1) stratified gravelly loamy coarse sand and gravelly sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and common fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; common (5 percent) discontinuous secondary calcium carbonate dendritic concretions, common (2 percent) discontinuous hard concretions of secondary calcium carbonate and silica, in 12 to 25 mm thick lenses with 1 mm thick laminar cap; calcium carbonate equivalent is 3 percent; 30 percent gravel; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (25 to 70 cm thick)

Bqk2--132 to 152 cm; white (10YR 8/1) stratified extremely gravelly coarse sand and loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and common fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 20 percent, 8 to 10 cm discontinuous hard lenses of secondary calcium carbonate and silica; 10 percent strongly cemented lenses; calcium carbonate equivalent 3 percent; 45 percent gravel; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2).

TYPE LOCATION: White Pine County, Nevada; 4.5 miles southwest of Minerva, west of Atlanta Road and 50 feet south of South Highland Road; about 1900 feet south and 1500 feet east of the northwest corner of section 34, T. 11 N., R. 67 E.; USGS Minerva 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 46 minutes 30 seconds N and longitude 114 degrees 26 minutes 34 seconds W; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry; moist in winter and spring and for 10 to 20 days cumulative in July and August due to summer convection storms; aridic soil moisture regime bordering on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to secondary carbonates: 28 to 46 cm.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent

Particle-size control section: Clay content: 2 to 8 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 30 percent.

A horizons
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.

Bw horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Clay content: 8 to 15 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent, mainly gravel.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 2 percent.

Bk horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Texture: Loamy coarse sand or coarse sand.
Clay content: 2 to 5 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 30 percent, mainly gravel.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: less than 5 percent.

Bqk horizons
Value: 7 or 8 dry, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified, averages very gravelly sand or very gravelly coarse sand; individual strata range from gravelly loamy fine sand to extremely gravelly coarse sand.
Clay content: 2 to 5 percent.
Rock fragments: Averages 25 to 35 percent, individual strata range from 15 to 65 percent.
Reaction: Strongly alkaline to very strongly alkaline.
Effervescence: Violently effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: less than 5 percent.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Davey, Fortbois and Timmerman series. Davey soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section and do not receive summer moisture. Fortbois series have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section and do not receive summer moisture. Timmerman soils do not receive summer moisture and are formed in glacial outwash and alluvium mixed with loess.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Springbar soils are on spits and longshore bars of relict lake shores. These soils formed from mixed alluvium derived mainly from welded tuff. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevations range from 1,590 to 1,770 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, the mean annual temperature is 7 to 10 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Katelana, Kawich, Kunzler and Medburn soils. Katelana soils are fine-silty. Kawich soils occur on dunes and are sandy throughout. Kunzler soils have calcic horizons containing durinodes. Medburn soils are coarse-loamy and lack soil structure development.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained; negligible through medium runoff; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Springbar soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly Wyoming big sagebrush, winterfat, Indian ricegrass, needleandthread and galleta.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 28A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: White Pine County, Nevada, East Part, 2004. The name is coined.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A1, A2 and part of the Bw horizons).
Cambic horizon - The zone from 13 to 30 cm (Bw horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (part of the Bw, Bk, and Bqk1 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.