LOCATION STENT UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Haplocalcids
TYPICAL PEDON: Stent gravelly loam, on a southeast facing, convex, 4 percent slope in an agricultural field at an elevation of 5,664 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) When described on October 17, 1994 the soil was moist to 6 inches and dry below. The surface is covered by 15 percent gravel and 2 percent small cobbles.
Ap--0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine, common fine and medium and few coarse roots; 15 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent, (13 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.1); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 8 inches thick)
Bw--4 to 9 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine, medium and few coarse roots; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent (14 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 9 inches thick)
Bk1--9 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; 15 percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; violently effervescent (27 percent calcium carbonate equivalent) carbonates occur as veins, pendants on rock fragments and disseminated throughout the horizon; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 25 inches thick)
Bk2--15 to 25 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) very gravelly loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; 35 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; violently effervescent (38 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and occur as thick pendants on rock fragments; strongly alkaline (pH 8.7); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 28 inches thick)
Bk3--25 to 34 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; 30 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; violently effervescent (35 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and occur as pendants on rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 33 inches thick)
Bk4--34 to 46 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, few fine and medium roots; 35 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent (24 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates occur as veins and as pendants on rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
Bk5--46 to 57 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) very cobbly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; 35 percent gravel and 25 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent (15 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated and occur as few thin coatings on rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 32 inches thick)
C--57 to 72 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) very gravelly loamy sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; 30 percent gravel and 20 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent (16 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.1); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 24 inches thick)
2Cy--72 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) gravelly sandy clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; 25 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles and 10 percent very weakly cemented parachanners; strongly effervescent (14 percent calcium carbonate equivalent), carbonates are disseminated; few fine weqakly cemented gypsum crystals; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3).
TYPE LOCATION: Emery County, Utah; about 2 miles south of Lawrence; located about 800 feet east and 1,400 feet south of the NW corner of sec. 9, T. 18 S., R. 9 E.; Huntington USGS quad; lat. 39 degrees 16 minutes 30.8 seconds N. and long. 110 degrees 55 minutes 25.7 seconds W., NAD 83
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Soil moisture control section is usually dry, but intermittently moist during late summer and early fall. Precipitation Pattern: Wettest months are July to October and driest months are December and June. Aridic moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 47 to 57 degrees F
Depth to calcic horizon: 5 to 15 inches
Depth to gypsum accumulations: greater than 50 inches
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: 65 inches or more to horizon of highly weathered material from underlying shale or sandstone
Thickness of the calcic horizon: 20 to 65 inches
The calcic horizon averages 15 to 40 percent calcium carbonate equivalent
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 8 to 22 percent total clay, with 8 to 18 percent noncarbonate clay
Sand content: 40 to 75 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 65 percent cobbles and gravel, 0 to 10 percent stones
A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: gravelly loam, gravelly fine sandy loam, very gravelly fine sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam or very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 4 to 27 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 45 percent gravel, channers and/or cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 20 percent
EC (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
SAR: 0 to 5
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loam, gravelly loam, very gravelly fine sandy loam, gravelly fine sandy loam or gravelly sandy clay loam
Clay content: 8 to 27 percent; carbonate clay up to 5 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 40 percent gravel, channers and/or cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 25 percent
EC (mmhos/cm): 0 to 4
SAR: 0 to 5
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
Bk horizon (includes CBk horizons in some pedons):
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loam, gravelly loam, very gravelly loam, gravelly fine sandy loamvery gravelly fine sandy loam, very gravelly sandy loam, gravelly sandy clay loam, very gravelly sandy clay loam, cobbly sandy clay loam, cobbly loam, very cobbly fine sandy loam, very cobbly sandy loam, very cobbly loam or extremely gravelly loamy sand
Clay content: 5 to 27 percent; carbonate clay up to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 15 to 60 percent gravel, channers and/or cobbles, 0 to 12 percent stones; individual subhorizons may contain as little as 0 percent rock fragments
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 50 percent
EC (mmhos/cm): 0 to 4
Gypsum: 0 to 3 percent
SAR: 0 to 13
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: very cobbly loam, very cobbly fine sandy loam, very cobbly sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam, very gravelly sandy loam, very gravelly fine sandy loam, gravelly fine sandy loam, or very cobbly loamy sand
Clay content: 3 to 20 percent
Rock fragments: 25 to 65 percent cobbles, gravel and/or channers, 0 to 10 percent stones
Pararock fragments: 0 to 5 percent sandstone or shale
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 20 percent
EC (mmhos/cm): 0 to 8
Gypsum: 0 to 4 percent
SAR: 1 to 13
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline
2Cy horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: gravelly loam, gravelly sandy clay loam, very cobbly loam, very gravelly fine sandy loam, or clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 50 percent channers, gravel and cobbles
Parafragments: 0 to 25 percent shale or sandstone parachanners
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 20 percent
EC (mmhos/cm): 0 to 8
Gypsum: 1 to 4 percent
SAR: 0 to 13
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline
Some pedons do not have C and 2Cy horizons within a depth of 60 inches (152 centimeters).
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Blackston, Clifsand, Seeg, and Utaline series. Blackston soils have 18 to 35 percent noncarbonate clay in the upper part of the particle-size control section and have a lithologic discontinuity that occurs within the particle-size control section. Clifsand soils average less than 20 percent calcium carbonate equivalent in the calcic horizon and wettest months are in the spring. Seeg soils do not have a lithologic discontinuity within the series control section, have a mean annual soil temperature greater than 54 degrees F. and allow hue as red as 5YR or 2.5YR. Utaline soils have greater than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section and are derived from basalt.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: alluvium derived from mixed sedimentary rocks
Landform: terraces, alluvial fans, fan remnants or pediments
Slopes: 1 to 30 percent
Elevation: 4,200 to 6,500 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 54 degrees F
Mean annual precipitation: 5 to 9 inches
Precipitation pattern: About .5 inches falls each month with a slight increase in May to about .65 inch and a late summer and early fall increase from thunder storms in July, August, September and October with .75 to 1.2 inches per month. Wettest months are July to October and driest months are December and June.
Frost-free period: 120 to 180 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Greybull, Minchey, Tusher and the competing Utaline series. The Greybull soils are moderately deep and are on shale hills. The Minchey and Tusher soils are nonskeletal and are on similar landscapes in more concave positions. The Utaline soils are on toeslopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, low to medium runoff, moderate or moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cultivated areas are used for growing alfalfa, grains and pasture. Vegetation on rangeland is shadscale, galleta, Indian ricegrass, globemallow, bud sagebrush and winterfat.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern, central and southern Utah; LRR D, MLRA 34 and 35; moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: The series was established in the Grand Staircase-Escalante soil survey area, Utah. The series was proposed in Emery County, Utah, Emery area soil survey area, Utah. The name is coined from South Tent Mountain in the area.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Series control section: The zone from 0 to 80 inches.
Particle-size control section: The zone from 10 to 40 inches. (Bk2, Bk3 and part of Bk1 and Bk4 horizons)
Ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 4 inches. (Ap horizon)
Calcic horizon: The zone from 9 to 46 inches. (Bk1, Bk2, Bk3 and Bk4 horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity: At the upper boundary of the 2C horizon.
The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition 2010