LOCATION STUKEL                  OR+CA

Established Series
Rev. JSC/AON/TDT/BTH/CEG
02/2024

STUKEL SERIES

Landscape--Intermontane basins
Landform--hills, lava plains, rock benches
Slope--0 to 40 percent
Parent material--residuum weathered from tuff, andesite, diatomite, and other volcanic rocks, with an influence of volcanic ash throughout
Mean annual precipitation--about 280 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 9 degrees C
Depth class--shallow
Drainage class--well
Soil moisture regime--aridic
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--xeric

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Lithic Haploxerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Stukel ashy loam, rangeland

A--0 to 18 cm; ashy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak thin platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 6.9); clear smooth boundary

Bw--18 to 43 cm; ashy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak thick platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary

R--43 cm; tuffaceous bedrock, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; continuous dark brown (10YR 3/3) coatings on surface of bedrock

TYPE LOCATION: Klamath County, Oregon; about 1.6 km north of the town of Dairy; 610 m south and 180 m west of the northeast corner of section 27, T. 38 S., R. 11-1/2 E.; USGS Dairy 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 42.24744 degrees north, longitude 121.5088 degrees west, datum WGS 84

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
*Mean annual soil temperature-- 8 to 14 degrees C
*Moisture control section--20 cm to lithic contact; dry for more than 100 days within the four-month period following the summer solstice; moist in the winter
*Depth to bedrock--25 to 50 cm
*Mollic epipedon thickness--18 to 30 cm

Particle-size control section
*Rock fragment content--5 to 20 percent
*Clay content--5 to 18 percent

Some pedons have a Bw horizon that is slightly effervescent and may contain up to 10 percent durinodes.

Estimated Properties, all horizons
*Ammonium oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe--0.2 to 0.4 percent
*Volcanic glass content--5 to 20 percent
*1/3-bar bulk density--1.0 to 1.35 g/cm3
*1500 kPa water (air-dried samples)--10 to 15 percent
*Medium to very coarse sand in the 0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction--less than 50 percent

A horizon(s)
*Hue--10YR or 7.5YR, dry or moist
*Value--4 or 5 dry, 3 moist
*Chroma--2 or 3, dry or moist
*Fine-earth texture--ashy sandy loam, ashy loam
*Clay content--5 to 18 percent
*Sand content--40 to 75 percent
*Base saturation--80 to 100 percent
*Gravel content--0 to 20 percent
*Reaction--neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 6.6 to 7.8)
*Thickness--18 to 30 cm

Bw horizon(s), where present
*Hue--10YR or 7.5YR, dry or moist
*Value--4 to 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
*Chroma--2 or 3, dry or moist
*Fine-earth texture--ashy loam, ashy sandy loam
*Clay content--5 to 18 percent
*Sand content--40 to 75 percent
*Base saturation--80 to 100 percent
*Gravel content--0 to 20 percent
*Reaction--neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 6.6 to 7.8)

COMPETING SERIES:
Dobson--less than 5 percent glass and/or ((Ammonium oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe) x 60) plus volcanic glass is less than 30; parent materials are colluvium and residuum from granitic rocks
Ladycomb--less than 25 cm to lithic contact
Soaplake--less than 5 percent glass and/or ((Ammonium oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe) x 60) plus volcanic glass is less than 30; parent materials are granitic and gneiss residuum and colluvium
Stukmond--greater than 18 percent clay in the particle size control section; lithologic discontinuity; greater than 20 percent rock fragments in the A horizon

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--762 to 1433 m
Climate--semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers
Mean annual precipitation--203 to 515 mm
Mean annual air temperature-- 7 to 13 degrees C
Mean January temperature-- -2 degrees C
Mean July temperature-- 19 degrees C
Frost-free period--50 to 160 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Calimus--very deep
Capona--moderately deep
Deschutes--moderately deep
Lorella--found on ridge slopes above Stukel soils; have a very gravelly Bt horizon

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high or high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--livestock grazing, irrigated agriculture
Vegetation--western juniper, big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, antelope bitterbrush

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Rocky and Blue Mountain Foothills, Oregon; MLRA 10; Klamath and Shasta Valleys and Basins, OR and CA; MLRA 21; moderate extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED:
Klamath County, Oregon, 1943

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--A horizon
*Cambic horizon--Bw horizon
*Volcanic glass--A and Bw horizons
*Lithic contact--upper boundary of R horizon, at 43 cm

ADDITIONAL DATA:
NASIS SITE ID--1943OR035001; NASIS PEDON ID--1943OR035001

Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (KSSL) data are available from a pedon near this type location; Lab Pedon no. 16N0297; User Site and Pedon ID S2015OR035021; these lab data confirm that Vitritorrandic subgroup criteria are met.

04/2022--updated formatting; updated the soil textures with an ashy modifier based on laboratory data from KSSL pedon # 16N0297; changed 18-43 cm horizon from a C to a Bw and added a cambic horizon to the diagnostic features; pedon meets vitritorrandic subgroup criteria.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.