LOCATION SUMAVA IN+MI

Established Series
Rev. LCO-TRZ-RAB
11/2021

SUMAVA SERIES

The Sumava series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in loamy outwash and the underlying till on moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 940 mm (37 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.6 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Sumava fine sandy loam, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 220 meters (722 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 30 cm (12 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches) thick]

Bt1--30 to 43 cm (12 to 17 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; prominent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--43 to 56 cm (17 to 22 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; prominent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--56 to 74 cm (22 to 29 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; prominent gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 61 cm (10 to 24 inches).]

Bw--74 to 91 cm (29 to 36 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 18 cm (7 inches) thick]

2BC--91 to 99 cm (36 to 39 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (6 inches) thick]

2C1--99 to 160 cm (39 to 63 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable; common prominent white (10YR 8/1) carbonate coatings on horizontal and vertical fracture faces; common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron throughout; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions throughout; about 5 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline. [46 to 102 cm (18 to 40 inches) thick]

3C2--160 to 201 cm (63 to 79 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loamy sand; massive; friable; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron throughout; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions throughout; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline. [0 to 51 cm (20 inches) thick]

4C3--201 to 211 cm (79 to 82 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable; about 5 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Newton County, Indiana; about 2 1/2 miles west of Mt. Ayr; 500 feet west and 200 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 17, T. 29 N., R. 8 W.; USGS Mount Ayr topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 57 minutes 21.22 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 21 minutes 16.53 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 470156 easting and 4533923 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Thickness of the outwash: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches)

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 1 to 5 percent
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral depending on liming history

Bt or Bw horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 8 to 15 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 14 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2BC or 2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 8 to 20 percent
Sand content: 40 to 55 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 14 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 40 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

3C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: gravelly loamy sand or loamy sand
Rock fragment content: 1 to 20 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 40 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

4C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 8 to 20 percent
Sand content: 40 to 55 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 14 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 40 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Shiawassee series is in a similar family and has a semiactive cation-exchange activity class. Shiawassee soils have dense till that is root and water restrictive in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Sumava soils are on swells on moraines of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Sumava soils formed in 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) of loamy outwash and the underlying till. The upper material is thought to be a mixture of windblown sand and outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 1067 mm (30 to 42 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 8.9 to 11.7 degrees C (48 to 53 degrees F). Frost-free period is 130 to 180 days. Elevation is177 to 466 meters (580 to 1,530 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ayr, Barry, Corwin, Gilford, Nesius, Parr, and Ridgeville soils. The well drained Ayr and Parr soils and the moderately well drained Corwin and Nesius soils are on higher lying landform positions. The poorly drained Barry soils and the poorly drained or very poorly drained Gilford soils are in depressions and swales. The somewhat poorly drained Ridgeville soils are on similar landform positions and have more sand in the lower part of the series control section.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 30 to 91 cm (1 to 3 feet) for some time in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high. Permeability is moderately rapid in the outwash and moderate in the till.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used to grow corn, soybeans, and small grain. Native vegetation is prairie grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 99, 110, and 111C in northwestern Indiana and southeastern Michigan. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Newton County, Indiana, 1990.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 25 cm (10 inches) (Ap).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 56 to 74 cm (22 to 29 inches) (Bt3); this horizon has 3 percent increase in clay within 30 cm (12 inches).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons between 30 and 201 cm (12 and 79 inches).

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 155068 represents the typical pedon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S85IN-111-013) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.