LOCATION TALMAKS IDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Vitrandic Haploxeralfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Talmaks ashy silt loam -- on a 6 percent east-facing slope at 4,425 feet elevation in a cleared field. When described on August 9, 1991 the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated).
A--0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) ashy silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; strong medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine and few medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)
BA--3 to 7 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) ashy silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine and few medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; moderately acid (pH 5.9); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
EB--7 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine and few medium roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; few faint patchy skeletans on faces of peds; moderately acid (pH 5.9); clear wavy boundary.
BE--11 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common fine and very fine and few medium roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; few faint patchy clay films on faces of peds; few faint patchy skeletans on faces of peds; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the EB and BE horizons is 4 to 12 inches)
Bt1--16 to 26 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silty clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and medium roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; few faint patchy clay films on faces of peds; few faint patchy skeletans on faces of peds; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH 5.9); diffuse wavy boundary.
Bt2--26 to 36 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and medium roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; few faint patchy clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common faint patchy skeletans on faces of peds; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear irregular boundary. (combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 18 to 36 inches)
B/Eb--36 to 47 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; strong medium angular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; common distinct patchy clay films on faces of peds; common clay lamellae; many prominent continuous pale brown (10YR 6/3) skeletans on faces of peds and in pores; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear irregular boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
Btb1--47 to 57 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; common prominent discontinuous brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay films on faces of peds; common clay lamellae; common prominent discontinuous pale brown (10YR 6/3) skeletans on faces of peds and in pores; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 24 inches thick)
2Btb2--57 to 70 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; many prominent discontinuous brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid (pH 5.9).
TYPE LOCATION: Lewis County, Idaho; about 11 miles south of Winchester, about 20 feet south and 2,630 feet east of the northwest corner, section 34, T. 32 N., R. 2 W.; USGS Westlake topographic quadrangle; Latitude 46 degrees 04 minutes 39 seconds north, longitude 116 degrees 33 minutes 57 seconds west.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to argillic horizon - 12 to 24 inches
Days dry, moisture control section - 45 to 60
Average annual soil temperature - 44 to 45 degrees F
Upper 7 to 14 inches
Volcanic glass content - 5 to 15 percent
Ammonium-oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe - .4 to 1.2 percent
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content - 24 to 32 percent
A horizon Value - 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma - 2 or 3, dry or moist
Reaction - slightly acid or moderately acid
EB and BE horizons
Clay content - 18 to 24 percent
Reaction - slightly acid or moderately acid
Bt horizon Value - 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 4 through 6, dry or moist
Texture - SIL, SICL
Clay content - 24 to 36 percent
Base saturation - 55 to 75 percent
Reaction - slightly acid or moderately acid
Btb horizon Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR
Value - 5 or 6 dry
Clay content - 28 to 40 percent
Gravel content - 0 to 10 percent
Reaction - slightly acid or moderately acid
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Longpen series. Longpen soils do not have EB or BE horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Talmaks soils are on hills of loess-covered basalt plateaus at elevations of 4,200 to 4,750 feet. Slopes range from 2 to 20 percent. These soils formed in loess, which contains a small amount of volcanic ash in the upper layers. The average annual temperature ranges from 42 to 43 degrees F. The average annual precipitation is 24 to 26 inches. The average frost-free period is 60 to 80 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Carlinton, Cramont(T), and Wilkins series. Carlinton soils are on similar landscape positions and are moderately deep to a fragipan. Cramont soils are at higher elevations and are in a fine particle-size class. Wilkins soils are in drainageways, are somewhat poorly drained, and have a mollic epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow runoff, slow to rapid runoff when cultivated; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for woodland, cropland, and livestock grazing. Native vegetation is mainly grand fir, Douglas-fir, and ponderosa pine with an understory of longtube twinflower, common snowberry, elk sedge, and goldthread.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: This soil is of small extent in northern Idaho.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lewis County, Idaho, 1995.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - from the surface to 3 inches (the A horizon).
Vitrandic feature - from the surface to 11 inches (the A, BA, and EB horizons)
Argillic horizon - from 16 to 36 inches (the Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 16 to 36 inches (the Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: This soil was sampled for characterization at the NSSL. Laboratory sample number 91P1094; soil survey sample number S91ID-061-021.