LOCATION TAMANEEN MT
Established Series
Rev. NRS-EMM
11/2012
TAMANEEN SERIES
The Tamaneen series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in calcareous alluvium or glaciofluvial deposits. These soils are on stream terraces, relict stream terraces, and alluvial fans. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 17 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 42 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Typic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Tamaneen clay loam, in a cultivated area (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky; moderately plastic; many very fine and fine roots and pores; less than 5 percent rock fragments, mainly gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 7 inches thick)
Bt--7 to 13 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic staining on peds; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong very fine and fine subangular blocky; very hard, firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; many very fine and fine roots and pores; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent rock fragments, mainly gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 15 inches thick)
Bk1--13 to 17 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; 10 percent rock fragments; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear irregular boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
2Bk2--17 to 22 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky, slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine pores; 5 percent cobbles; 35 percent gravel; rock fragments coated with lime; violently effervescent with lime disseminated; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 15 inches thick)
2Bk3--22 to 66 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) extremely gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; 20 percent cobbles; 60 percent gravel; rock fragments coated with lime in the upper part and undersides; lime coated in the lower part; disseminated lime; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).
TYPE LOCATION: Fergus County, Montana; 1,440 feet north and 260 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 16, T. 15 N., R. 18 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature: 41 to 47 degrees F
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 16 inches and includes part or all of the Bt horizon
Rock fragments: Mainly limestone but some igneous
Depth to the calcic horizon: 10 to 16 inches
Depth to the 2Bk horizon: 17 to 40 inches
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 20 to 40 percent in the Bk horizons; lime is disseminated and accumulated as nodules on gravel.
Note: These soils have a 2- to 4-inch surface layer of loam in uncultivated areas.
Ap horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: Silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent total--0 to 3 percent stones, 0 to 25 percent cobbles; 0 to 20 percent gravel
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
Bt horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: Clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 20 percent total--0 to 10 percent cobbles; 0 to 15 percent gravel
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
Bk1 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry; 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: Clay loam, silty clay, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 30 to 45 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 25 percent total--0 to 15 percent cobbles; 0 to 20 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 20 to 30 percent
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 9.0
2Bk2 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 to 8 dry; 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: Clay loam or loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 20 to 45 percent total--0 to 10 percent cobbles; 20 to 35 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 25 to 40 percent
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 9.0
2Bk3 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 to 8 dry; 5 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: Sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 8 to 25 percent
Rock fragments: 50 to 80 percent total--5 to 40 percent cobbles; 35 to 60 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 25 to 40 percent
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 9.0
COMPETING SERIES:
Absarokee (MT+CO) has a lithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches.
Acree (CO) has hues of 5YR and redder in the argillic horizon; has a discontinuity in the argillic horizon.
Barela (NM CO) has a lithic contact at 40 to 60 inches.
Capillo (NM) has a paralithic contact at 40 to 60 inches.
Dandrea (MT) has a paralithic contact at 40 to 60 inches.
Delson (CO+UT) does not have a calcic horizon.
Ekah (MT) does not have a lithologic discontinuity.
Herm (CO+UT) does not have a calcic horizon.
Morapos (CO) does not have a calcic horizon.
Moreno (NM+UT) does not have a horizon of secondary carbonate accumulation.
Nortez (CO) has bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Pramiss (CO) has a paralithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Ricot (CO) has hues of 5YR and redder in the argillic horizon; has a discontinuity in the argillic horizon.
Tukuhnik (UT) does not have a loamy-skeletal horizon above a depth of 40 inches.
Work (MT+WY) does not have a loamy-skeletal horizon above a depth of 40 inches.
Zau (CO) has a paralithic contact at 20 to 40 inches; does not have a horizon of secondary carbonate accumulation.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, and relict stream terraces
Elevation: 3,500 to 6,200 feet
Slope: 0 to 25 percent
Parent material: Calcareous alluvium or glaciofluvial deposits
Climate: long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers
Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees F
Frost-free period: 70 to 125 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Danvers (MT) is in a vertic subgroup; occurs on similar landforms.
Roy (MT) is clayey skeletal; occurs on similar landforms.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderately slow permeability through the Bk1 horizon to moderately rapid permeability in the 2Bk3 horizon
USE AND VEGETATION: Tamaneen soils are used mainly for dryland crops; some areas are used as rangeland. The potential native vegetation is mainly bluebunch wheatgrass, rough fescue, green needlegrass, western wheatgrass, and Idaho fescue.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Tamaneen soils are extensive in central Montana; MLRA 43B, 44, 46, and 58A.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fergus County, Montana, 1979, proposed in Fergus County, Montana, 1975
REMARKS:
Soil interpretation records: MT0314, MT0703, MT0928
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Mollic epipedon - the zone from the soil surface to 13 inches (Ap, Bt horizons)
Argillic horizon and particle-size control section - the zone from from 7 to 13 inches (Bt horizon)
Calcic horizon - the zone from 13 to more than 60 inches (Bk1, 2Bk2, 2Bk3 horizons)
Tamaneen soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.