LOCATION TIICHAM                 WA

Established Series
Rev. PNP/KDPL/SBC
09/2019

TIICHAM SERIES

Landscape--valleys
Landform--stream terraces
Slope--5 to 12 percent
Parent material--loess and alluvium
Mean annual precipitation--310 to 380 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 10 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluventic Haploxerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Tiicham silt loam in an area of rangeland, on an 8-percent, north-northeast-facing slope at an elevation of 540 m

A1--0 to 15 cm; silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary

A2--15 to 30 cm; silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary

AB--30 to 46 cm; silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; 3 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary

Bw--46 to 97 cm; silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear wavy boundary

2C1--97 to 150 cm; fine sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary

2C2--150 to 200 cm; fine sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 10 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary

3R--200 cm; basalt

TYPE LOCATION: Yakama Nation, Yakima Country, Washington, about 21 km west of Wapato Dam; about 700 m west and 600 m north of the southeast corner of section 13, T. 12 N., R. 16 E.; latitude 46.5266144, longitude -120.7655486, datum WGS 84 (coordinates estimated from section, township, and range)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Moisture control section--usually moist, but dry 90 to 105 days following summer solstice
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 50 cm
Particle-size control section--thin lenses of fine sand; averages 5 to 10 percent clay; more than 15 percent fine sand and coarser material
Depth to bedrock--more than 150 cm

A horizon
Value--4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma--2 to 4 dry, 1 to 3 moist
Reaction--6.1 to 7.3
Combined thickness--25 to 36 cm

AB horizon
Thickness--15 to 20 cm

Bw horizon
Chroma--3 or 4 moist or dry
Texture of fine-earth fraction--silt loam
Rock fragment content--5 to 20 percent
Reaction--6.6 to 8.4
Thickness--36 to 51 cm

2C horizon
Value--3 or 4 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 moist or dry
Texture of fine-earth fraction--silt loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam
Rock fragment content--5 to 50 percent
Reaction--7.9 to 9.0
Effervescence--slightly effervescent, strongly effervescent
Combined thickness--greater than 43 cm

COMPETING SERIES:
Malo--dry 60 to 75 consecutive days
Martini--calcareous throughout
Newberg--pH of 5.6 to 6.5 throughout; no cambic horizon that has texture of silt loam
Wistona--more than 50 percent sand and less than 5 percent gravel in Bw horizon

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--370 to 790 m
Mean annual precipitation--310 to 380 m
Mean annual air temperature--10 degrees C
Frost-free period--100 to 120 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Walla Walla--regular decrease in organic carbon as depth increases; coarse-silty

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--livestock grazing, production of some orchard and irrigated crops
Natural vegetation--bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass, big sagebrush, gray rabbitbrush, threetip sagebrush, Wyeth buckwheat

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Columbia Basin in south-central Washington; MLRA 7; small extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington; 2014

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--zone from the surface to a depth of 46 cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 46 to 97 cm
*Organic matter content--assumed irregular decrease as depth increases

Tiicham is the Yakama word for land. Tiicham is used in daily conversation and Yakama songs to show respect to the land. This series originally was named the Floutier series.

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.