LOCATION TOATS WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Vitrixerandic Humicryepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Toats ashy loam, on a southwest facing 31 percent slope at an elevation of 4,820 feet in an open meadow. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. All textures are apparent field textures.)
A1--0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) ashy loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; strong fine and medium granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary.
A2--5 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) ashy loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the A1 and A2 horizon is 12 to 14 inches)
2Bw--14 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very cobbly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; 20 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles and 3 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 11 inches thick)
2C1--23 to 40 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) very stony sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; 15 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 15 percent stones; neutral (7.2); gradual wavy boundary.
2C2--40 to 52 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) very stony sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine pores; 15 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles, and 25 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of 2C1 and 2C2 horizon is 22 to 30 inches)
2C3--52 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) very stony sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; 15 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 25 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Okanogan County, Washington; about 11 miles west-northwest of Loomis, Washington; 2,400 feet west and 1,800 feet south of the northeast corner of section 20, T. 39 N., R. 24 E. (Latitude 48 degrees, 52 minutes, 00 seconds N., Longitude 119 degrees, 51 minutes, 09 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature is 37 to 42 degrees F. Mean summer soil temperature is 52 to 58 degrees F. These soils are dry in the moisture control section for 45 to 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice. The particle-size control section averages 35 to 65 percent rock fragments and 8 to 18 percent clay. The umbric epipedon is 20 to 25 inches thick.
The A horizon has values of 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist, and chromas of 1 or 2 dry or moist. It has an estimated bulk density of 1.15 to 1.25 g/cc, volcanic glass content of 5 to 20 percent, acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half of the acid-oxalate extractable iron of 0.4 to 1.0 percent, and 15-bar water retention of 5 to 10 percent for air dried samples.
The 2Bw horizon has values of 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist, and chromas of 1 or 2 dry or moist. It is very cobbly loam, very gravelly sandy loam, or gravelly loam. It has 15 to 25 percent gravel, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, and 0 to 5 percent stones.
The 2C horizons have hues of 10YR and 2.5Y, values of 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist, and chromas of 2 or 3 dry or moist. It is very stony sandy loam or very cobbly sandy loam. It has 15 to 30 percent gravel, 15 to 25 percent cobbles, and 0 to 25 percent stones.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Crocamp series. The Crocamp soil is formed in colluvium and is 40 to 60 inches to a lithic contact. The Dollarlake, Fruitcreek, Granitemountain and Leespeak soils are similar. The similar soils are isotic. In addition, Fruitcreek and Leespeak soils are moderately deep to bedrock. Granitemountain soils have 4 to 8 percent clay. Dollarlake soils have higher base saturation (eutric).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Toats soils are on open backslopes of mountains usually with southerly aspects. Elevations are 4,600 to 5,500 feet. Slopes are 15 to 35 percent. These soils formed in glacial till with a component of volcanic ash in the upper part. Average annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 30 inches. The climate is characterized by cold, wet winters and cool, dry summers. The average January temperature ranges from 18 to 22 degrees F., and the average July temperature ranges from 52 to 58 degrees F. The average annual air temperature ranges from 37 to 41 degrees F. The frost-free season is 70 to 90 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Burget, Crocamp, Longswamp, Myerscreek and Sitdown soils. Burget soils are on shoulders, and ridges and are shallow to a paralithic contact. Crocamp soils are on backslopes and shoulders and are 40 to 60 inches to bedrock. Longswamp soils are moderately well drained soils with a mollic epipedon on footslopes and drainage sideslopes. Myerscreek soils are formed in glacial till with a mantle of volcanic ash 7 to 14 inches thick. Sitdown soils are formed in sandy-skeletal outwash or till with a mantle of volcanic ash 7 to 14 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, medium runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for wildlife habitat, watershed, recreation and livestock grazing. Native vegetation is mountain big sagebrush, wax currant, Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, prairie junegrass, common yarrow, and aster.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northcentral Washington. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Okanogan National Forest, Okanogan County, Washington, 2005.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include:
Umbric epipedon - 0 to 23 inches
Vitrandic properties from 0 to 14 inches.
Need to verify base saturation for eutric or not eutric subgroup criteria. Assume it is not eutric but pH seems high for non-eutric.