LOCATION TOEJOM                  CA+NV

Established Series
Rev. EWB-JVC
05/2014

TOEJOM SERIES

The Toejom series consists of shallow, excessively drained soils that formed in residuum and colluvium derived from granitic rock. Toejom soils are on mountains. Slopes are 15 to 75 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 500 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 7 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic, shallow Typic Xerorthents

TYPICAL PEDON: Toejom very gravelly coarse sand--forest land. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is covered with 20 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, and 10 percent stones.

A1--0 to 5 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly coarse sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 40 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 8 cm thick)

A2--5 to 23 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very gravelly loamy coarse sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 50 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (15 to 20 cm thick)

C--23 to 36 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very gravelly coarse sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 50 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (13 to 25 cm thick)

Cr--36 to 61 cm; weathered granitic rock.

TYPE LOCATION: Mono County, California; on the Toiyabe National Forest about 2 miles southeast of the town of Walker; approximately 750 feet south and 850 feet west of the northeast corner of section 34, T. 8 N., R. 23 E.; USGS Chris Flat 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; 38 degrees 29 minutes 53 seconds north latitude and 119 degrees 25 minutes 54.2 seconds west longitude, NAD27 UTM Zone 11; 287938e, 4263879n.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture: Usually moist in the moisture control section during fall, winter, and spring; dry from July through early October; xeric soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 10 degrees C.
Ochric epipedon thickness: 18 to 23 cm.
Depth to bedrock - 36 to 50 cm to a paralithic contact. The paralithic materials below the contact are weathered granitic rocks such as granodiorite.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 3 to 8 percent; Rock fragments: Averages 35 to 60 percent, mainly fine gravel (2 to 5 mm diameter). Lithology of fragments are granitic rocks such as granodiorite.


A horizons
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Organic matter content: 1 to 3 percent.
Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral.


C horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Very gravelly coarse sand or very gravelly loamy coarse sand.
Clay content: 3 to 8 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent.
Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Choop series. Choop soils are more moist between fall and spring and are strongly acid or moderately acid in the ochric epipedon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Toejom soils are on mountains. They typically occur on south-facing backslope positions. They formed in residuum and colluvium derived from granitic rock. Slopes are 15 to 75 percent. Elevations range from 1,750 to 2,450 meters. The climate is subhumid-continental with cold, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 400 to 600 mm, the mean annual temperature is 5 to 7 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 50 to 80 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Elaero, Granhogany, Lockgate, and Pimogran soils. Elaero soils have loamy-skeletal, have mollic epipedons and argillic horizons, and are moderately deep to paralithic contacts. Granhogany and Pimogran soils have mollic epipedons. Lockgate are loamy-skeletal, have thick mollic epipedons, argillic horizons, and are deep to paralithic contacts.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Excessively drained; high surface runoff; very high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Toejom soils are used for forest land, recreation, watershed, and wildlife habitat. The native vegetation is mainly a forest canopy of singleleaf pinyon with an understory of antelope bitterbrush, mountain big sagebrush, curl-leaf mountain mahogany, bluegrass, desert needlegrass, and scattered Jeffrey pine. This pedon is correlated to R026XY104NV, PIMO woodland.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern California and western Nevada, on the east side of the Sierra Nevada Range. These soils are not extensive with about 6,000 acres of the series mapped to date. MLRA 22A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mono County (Toiyabe National Forest Area), California, 2006.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A1 and part of the A2 horizons).
Paralithic contact - The boundary at 36 cm to underlying soft, weathered bedrock (Cr layer).
Particle-size control section - The zone from the soil surface to 36 cm (A1, A2, and C horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: user pedon ID: 2002CA051003.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.