LOCATION TOGASPRING              NV

Established Series
Rev. JBF-JVC
06/2017

TOGASPRING SERIES

The Togaspring series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Togaspring soils are on low stream terraces. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 10 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, gypsic, mesic Leptic Haplogypsids

TYPICAL PEDON: Togaspring gypsiferous material--on a low stream terrace that has a surface pattern microrelief of low, fluted hummocks under inland saltgrass, black greasewood, and Torrey's saltbush--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted. When described on May 15, 2001 the soil was moist from 38 to 142 cm and saturated with a water table below 142 cm.) The soil surface has a 4 to 6 mm thick crust of soluble sodium salts.

Ayz--0 to 5 cm; white (10YR 8/1) gypsiferous material, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak very thick platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few coarse and common very fine roots; common very fine vesicular pores; apparent texture of the fine earth material is loam; common (2 percent) medium clusters of gypsum crystals; many (25 percent) fine crystals of soluble sodium salts; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 10 cm thick)

Byz1--5 to 13 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) gypsiferous material, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common medium, fine and very fine roots; few fine and medium tubular pores; apparent texture of the fine earth material is loam; one 1 to 3 cm thick wavy band of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; common (10 percent) medium and coarse clusters of gypsum crystals; common (5 percent) fine crystals of soluble sodium salts; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

Byz2--13 to 38 cm; white (10YR 8/1) gypsiferous material, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few coarse, common medium and fine, few very fine roots; common very fine interstitial and few fine medium tubular pores; apparent texture of the fine earth material is loam; many (25 percent) fine through coarse clusters of gypsum crystals; common (5 percent) fine crystals of soluble sodium salts; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

Byz3--38 to 71 cm; 70 percent white (10YR 8/1) with 30 percent light gray (10YR 7/1) gypsiferous material, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few fine and very fine roots; common very fine interstitial and few very fine tubular pores; apparent texture of the fine earth material is loam; many (50 percent) fine through coarse clusters of gypsum crystals; common (3 percent) fine crystals of soluble sodium salts; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 38 cm thick)

Byz4--71 to 91 cm; 60 percent white (10YR 8/1) with 40 percent light gray (10YR 7/1) gypsiferous material, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; apparent texture of the fine earth material is loam; many (25 percent) fine and medium clusters of gypsum crystals; few (2 percent) fine crystals of soluble sodium salts; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (20 to 50 cm thick)

BCy1--91 to 124 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) gypsiferous material, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; apparent texture of the fine earth material is silt loam; common (15 percent) fine and medium clusters of gypsum crystals; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth boundary. (25 to 50 cm thick)

BCy2--124 to 157 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) gypsiferous material, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine tubular pores; apparent texture of the fine earth material is silt loam; common (5 percent) medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist masses of iron accumulation; common (5 percent) fine and medium clusters of gypsum crystals; slightly acid (pH 6.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Douglas County, Nevada; in Carson Valley about 1.75 miles north of Saratoga Hot Spring; approximately 1,250 feet south and 2,725 feet west of the northeast corner of section 16, T. 14 N., R. 20 E.; USGS McTarnahan Hill 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 04 minutes 55.7 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 44 minutes 32.5 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.0821389 latitude, -119.7423611 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in the moisture control section in winter and spring, dry in summer and fall; aridic moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 9 to 12 degrees C.
Depth to base of gypsic horizon: 76 to 100 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 5 to 15 percent.

Ayz horizon
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Salinity (EC): 32 to 150 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 100 to 700.
Gypsum content: 30 to 70 percent.


Byz1 and Byz2 horizons
Texture: Gypsiferous material with apparent fine-earth texture of loam or silt loam.
Reaction: Neutral through moderately alkaline.
Salinity (EC): 16 to 50 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 40 to 150.
Gypsum content: 50 to 90 percent.

Byz3 and Byz4 horizons
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or N (neutral).
Value: 7 or 8 dry, 6 or 7 moist.
Chroma: 0 or 1 dry, 1 or 2 moist.
Texture: Gypsiferous material with apparent fine-earth texture of loam or silt loam.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.
Salinity (EC): 2 to 16 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 1 to 13.
Gypsum content: 50 to 95 percent.

BCy1 and BCy2 horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Texture: Gypsiferous material with apparent fine-earth texture of loam or silt loam.
Reaction: Slightly acid through slightly alkaline.
Salinity (EC): 2 to 8 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 1 to 13.
Gypsum content: 50 to 95 percent.
Redoximorphic features: Redox concentrations are present as few or common, faint or distinct masses of iron accumulation in some subhorizon.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Saido series. Saido soils have an aridic moisture regime that borders on ustic, have sodium adsorption ratios of less than 13, and do not have endosaturation within 150 cm of the soil surface.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Togaspring soils are on low stream terraces. These soils formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks that has been enriched in evaporite minerals. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Elevations range from 1,400 to 1,465 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, mean annual temperature is 8 to 11 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 90 to 110 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Fettic and Voltaire soils. Fettic soils are fine-silty, have mixed mineralogy, and have mollic epipedons and natric horizons. Voltaire soils are fine-loamy, have mixed mineralogy, have aquic conditions within 50 cm of the soil surface, and have mollic epipedons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained; low surface runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity. Endosaturation is present with an apparent seasonal high water table between 100 and 157 cm (deep free water occurrence class) between September and June. Cumulative annual duration class is Persistent. These soils are susceptible to occasional flooding for brief periods between December and March.

USE AND VEGETATION: Togaspring soils are used for rangeland, wildlife habitat, and urban development. The present vegetation is mainly black greasewood, Torrey's saltbush, and inland saltgrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Nevada. These soils are not extensive with about 620 acres of the series mapped to date. MLRA 26.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Douglas County (MLRA 26 update), Nevada, 2017.

REMARKS: This soil was previously correlated as Job Variant in the Soil Survey of Douglas County Area, Nevada.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (Ayz, Byz1, and part of the Byz2 horizons).
Gypsic horizon - The zone from 5 to 157 cm (Byz1, Byz2, Byz3, Byz4, BCy1, and BCy2 horizons).
Endosaturation feature - The condition of ground water with an upper boundary between 100 and 150 cm at certain times during normal years (parts of the BCy1 and BCy2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Byz3 and Byz4 horizons and parts of the Byz2 and BCy1 horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: The typical pedon at the series type location is reference sampled for the Soil Survey Laboratory (SSL), Lincoln, NE, as soil survey sample number S01NV-005-001 (pedon # 02N0630). Selected data are available.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.