LOCATION TOIK                    AK

Established Series
MPS/SAS/TJR
02/2022

TOIK SERIES

Landscape--hills, mountains
Landform--hillslopes, mountain slopes
Slope--10 to 150 percent
Parent material--colluvium over residuum
Mean annual precipitation--about 225 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about -3 degrees C
Depth class--shallow
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--udic
Soil temperature regime--cryic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic Lithic Humicryepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Toik gravelly silt loam on a southeast facing linear, linear backslope, on a slope of 45 percent at an elevation of 210 m (The soil was moist throughout the profile when described on August 8, 2019.)

Oi--0 to 6 cm; slightly decomposed plant material, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; many very fine, medium, and coarse roots and common fine roots; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear wavy boundary

Oa--6 to 11 cm; highly decomposed plant material, dark gray (7.5YR 4/1) dry, black (7.5YR 2.5/1) moist; common very fine, fine, and coarse roots and many medium roots; very strongly acid (pH 4.6); abrupt wavy boundary

A--11 to 30 cm; gravelly silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots; common very fine and common fine pores; 5 percent angular cobbles, 15 percent angular gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.4); abrupt wavy boundary

2Bw--30 to 60 cm; extremely gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine roots; 30 percent angular cobbles, 50 percent angular gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.3); abrupt irregular boundary

3R--60 cm; bedrock

TYPE LOCATION: Nome Census Area, Alaska, latitude 63.7787660 longitude -160.3521820 degrees, datum WGS84 (Coordinates determined with a GPS unit)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--1 to 3 degrees C
Soil moisture control section--dry less than 45 consecutive days in June through October
Thickness of umbric epipedon--18 to 30 cm
Thickness of cambic horizon--25 to 40 cm
Depth to lithic contact--30 to 50 cm below the mineral soil surface

Particle Size Control Section:
*Clay--5 to 14 percent
*Total fragments--50 to 80 percent gravels, cobbles
*Sodium fluoride pH--8.4 to 11.6
*Ratio of 1500 kPa water to measured clay--0.6 to 6.0

Oi horizon
Thickness--2 to 12 cm

Oa horizon
Thickness--2 to 12 cm
Combined thickness of organic layers--4 to 15 cm

A horizon
Value--2 o 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma-2 or 3
Fine-earth texture--silt loam, sandy loam
Clay--3 to 8 percent
Sand--20 to 70 percent
Organic carbon--5 to 12 percent
Total rock fragment content--0 to 30 percent
Total gravel content--0 to 25 percent
Total cobble content--0 to 5 percent
Reaction--4.4 to 5.4
Thickness--18 to 30 cm

2Bw horizon
Value--4 or 5 moist, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma--3 to 5
Fine-earth texture--sandy loam, silt loam
Clay--4 to 10 percent
Sand--35 to 70 percent
Organic carbon--2 to 5 percent
Total rock fragment content--50 to 80 percent
Total gravel content--40 to 75 percent
Total cobble content--0 to 35 percent
Reaction--4.9 to 5.9
Thickness--20 to 35 cm

3R horizon

COMPETING SERIES:
Goodnews--no cambic horizon present
Burgerbutte--Vitrandic subgroup properties
Crawfish, Eastlakesbasin--xeric soil moisture regime; Vitrandic subgroup properties
Snowtell--xeric soil moisture regime
Telluride--15 to 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Eastlakesbasin--xeric soil moisture regime

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
*Elevation--10 to 300 m
*Climate--warm, moist summers; cold, dry winters
*Mean annual precipitation--150 to 350 mm
*Mean annual air temperature-- -5 to -1 degrees C
*Frost-free period--55 to 90 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
* Chiroskey--no lithic contact; hillslopes and lower mountain slopes

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
*Drainage class--well drained
*Saturation during normal years--none
*Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--very high in the surface organic layer, high to moderately high throughout the rest of the profile

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation, subsistence
Potential native vegetation--white spruce, resin birch, Siberian alder, beaverd spirea, marsh Labrador tea, bog blueberry, black crowberry, lingonberry, bluejoint, woodland horsetail, dwarf birch, Schreber's big red stem moss, moss, polytrichum moss, splendid feather moss, quaking aspen, black spruce, Kenai birch, bunchberry dogwood, grayleaf willow, greygreen reindeer lichen, reindeer lichen, cup lichen

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Nulato Hills-Southern Seward Peninsula Highlands, Alaska; MLRA 240; small extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nulato Hills BLM area, Nome Census Area, Alaska; 2021

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon
*Particle-size control section--zone from 36 to 60cm
*Umbric epipedon--zone from 11 to 30cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 30 to 60cm
*Lithic contact--at 60cm
*Lithologic discontinuity--30 and 60 cm

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.