LOCATION TOKEEN                  AK

Established Series
Rev:WDL/CSC/JPM
02/2022

TOKEEN SERIES

The Tokeen series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in colluvium from granitic rock. Tokeen soils are on convex backslopes from 5 to 100 percent slopes. Mean annual precipitation is in excess of 100 inches and mean annual temperature is about 45 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive Typic Humicryods

TYPICAL PEDON: Tokeen gravelly sandy loam - on a SE facing slope of 57 percent at 200 feet elevation under forest vegetation. (All colors are for moist soil)

Oi--12 to 11 inches; living mosses and undecomposed forest litter; abrupt smooth boundary. (1/2 to 1 inch thick)

Oe--11 to 0 inches; very dusky red (10R 2.5/2) forest litter; many fine and common medium and coarse roots; extremely acid (pH 4.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 11 inches thick)

E--0 to 1/2 inch; very dark gray (5YR 3/1) gravelly sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; 30 percent coarse fragments; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; extremely acid (pH 4.0); abrupt broken boundary. (0 to 1 inch thick)

Bhs--1/2 to 2 inches; black (N 2/0) to dark reddish brown (2.5 YR 2/4) gravelly sandy loam; weak very fine granular structure; very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; 30 percent coarse fragments; few fine and medium roots; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)

Bs1--2 to 22 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly sandy loam with yellowish red (5YR 4/6) streaks and patches; weak fine to medium subangular blocky structure; very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; faint patchy cutans on peds and in pores; 30 percent coarse fragments; few fine and medium roots; moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 24 inches thick)

Bs2--22 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam with many distinct very dusky red (2.5YR 2.5/2) streaks and patches; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable to slightly firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; faint patchy cutans on peds and in pores; 30 percent coarse fragments; few fine and medium roots; moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 15 inches thick)

R--28 inches; highly weathered diorite.

TYPE LOCATION: Hollis Area, Alaska; Mile 0.06 on No. 1210 road from Thorne Bay; SW 1/4, SW 1/4, SE 1/4, Section 9, T.71S., R.84E., Copper River Meridian.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 21 to 30 inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 24 to 40 inches. The mean annual soil temperature ranges from 38 to 42 F, the mean summer soil temperature is about 46 degrees F. The coarse fragment content of the particle-size control section ranges from 15 to 35 percent and is dominantly gravel size. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid.

The E horizon has a hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, and a value moist of 2 or 3. The texture ranges from gravelly sandy loam to gravelly loam.

The B horizons have hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 10YR, value moist of 2 through 5, and chroma moist of 2 through 6. Texture is sandy loam or loam with less than 35 percent coarse fragments.

In some pedons, a C horizon may be present above the bedrock.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ulloa and Vixen(T) series. Ulloa and Vixen soils lack bedrock within 40 inches.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tokeen soils occur on rocky convex backslopes and valleysides, are formed from colluvium from granitic rocks, and are underlain by granitic rocks. The climate is humid maritime with a mean annual precipitation in excess of 100 inches. The mean annual air temperature is 45 degrees F and the mean summer air temperature is 55 degrees F. Slopes range from 5 to 100 percent. Elevation ranges from 50 to 2000 feet.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Karta, Kina, Kogish, Maybeso, McGilvery, Tolstoi, and Wadleigh series. Karta and Wadleigh soils are formed from glacial till on hillslopes and valleysides. Kina, Kogish, and Maybeso soils are poorly drained organic soils in depressional areas. McGilvery soils are partially decomposed forest litter resting directly on bedrock and are on hillslopes. Tolstoi soils are shallow mineral soils on hillslopes.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Moderate permeability. Slow runoff.

USE AND VEGETATION: Tokeen soils are used for timber production, watershed protection, wildlife habitat, and recreation. The overstory vegetation is dominantly western hemlock with lesser amounts of Sitka spruce and western redcedar. The understory vegetation consists largely of blueberry, rusty menziesia, devil's club, and mosses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeast Alaska. The series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hollis Area, Alaska, 1969.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this soil include: an albic horizon from 0 to 1 inch; spodic horizons from 1 to 28 inches; a cryic temperature regime; greater than 6 percent organic carbon in the upper 4 inches of the spodic horizon; coarse-loamy particle size from 0 to 28 inches.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data is available for this soil: NSSL pedon numbers 82AK-130-136 and 82AK-130-125.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.