LOCATION TOLONIER FM +PBEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, isohyperthermic Typic Paleudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Tolonier very stony clay loam - on a 50 percent concave slope in agricultural forest. When described (2/20/79) the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for moist soil. All textures are apparent field textures.)
A1--0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very stony clay loam; strong fine and medium granular structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; many fine and medium tubular pores; about 20 percent hard basalt stones, 20 percent cobbles, and 10 percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.2, 1:1 water); abrupt wavy boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick)
A2--4 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very stony silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium granular; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; many fine and medium tubular pores; about 30 percent hard basalt stones, 15 percent cobbles, and 10 percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.2, 1:1 water); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
B1--10 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) stony clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to strong very fine angular blocky; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and medium roots; many fine and medium tubular pores; common thin waxy coatings on faces of peds and in some pores; about 20 percent hard basalt stones and 10 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.2, 1:1 water); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
B2--18 to 37 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) extremely stony silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to strong very fine angular blocky; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine and medium roots; many fine and medium tubular pores; common moderately thick waxy coatings on surfaces of peds and thin waxy coatings in some pores; about 40 percent hard basalt stones and 25 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.2, 1:1 water); clear wavy boundary. (16 to 29 inches thick).
C1--37 to 49 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) extremely stony clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and medium roots; many fine and medium tubular pores; few thin waxy coatings on surfaces of peds; about 60 percent stones and cobbles and 10 percent gravel; very strongly acid (pH 5.0, 1:1 water); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 22 inches thick)
C2--49 to 71 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) extremely stony clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and medium roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; about 60 percent stones and cobbles and 10 percent gravel; very strongly acid (pH 5.0, 1:1 water).
TYPE LOCATION: Sokehs Island, Ponape, Federated States of Micronesia; about .6 mile up the old Japanese road on the east side of Sokehs Island, on the left side cut back roadbank; lat. 6 degrees 57 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 158 degrees 11 minutes and 56 seconds E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The profile is 59 to 118 inches thick. In 1:1 water it ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid.
The A horizon has moist color of 10YR 3/3, 3/4, 4/2, or 4/3. It is silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay and has 10 to 50 percent cobbles and stones and 0 to 15 percent gravel.
The B horizon has color of 10YR 4/4 or 4/6 or of 7.5YR 4/4. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay. It is 25 to 65 percent stones and cobbles and 0 to 20 percent gravel.
The C horizon has color of 7.5YR 4/6 or 5/6 or of 10YR 4/4, 4/6, or 5/4. It is clay loam or silty clay loam and has 30 to 70 percent stones and cobbles and 5 to 20 percent gravel.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dolen and Fomseng series in other families. Dolen soils are nonskeletal. Fomseng soils are shallow and nonskeletal.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tolonier soils are on uplands. They formed in residuum and colluvium derived from highly weathered basic igneous rock. Slopes range from 6 to 100 percent. Elevation is 20 to 1,968 feet. The mean annual rainfall is 143 to 255 inches, and the mean annual temperature is 77 to 81 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Dolen soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow through high runoff; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Tolonier soils are used for subsistence agriculture, woodland, watershed, and wildlife habitat. The main crops are banana, breadfruit, and coconut. The vegetation is mainly mixed upland tropical rain forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: On the islands of Kosrae, Ponape, and Truk, East Caroline Islands. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ponape, Federated States of Micronesia, 1981.
Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 10th edition 2006.