LOCATION TOROX IL
Established Series
Rev. DEC-JAD-CLG-AAC
04/2015
TOROX SERIES
The Torox series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in loess or other silty material and in the underlying loamy till on till plains and moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 914 mm (36 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 9 degrees C (49 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Torox silt loam - on a 1 percent north-facing slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 259 m (850 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium granular; friable; common very fine roots; few prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds and in pores; few fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches) thick]
Bt1--25 to 33 cm (10 to 13 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt2--33 to 46 cm (13 to 18 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--46 to 64 cm (18 to 25 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 30 to 76 cm (12 to 30 inches).]
2Bt4--64 to 71 cm (25 to 28 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many fine and medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt5--71 to 107 cm (28 to 42 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films in root channels and pores; common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; many medium and coarse faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium prominent brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 15 to 64 cm (6 to 25 inches).]
2C1--107 to 130 cm (42 to 51 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/3) loam; massive; firm; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films in root channels and pores; common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; many medium and coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium faint pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2C2--130 to 165 cm (51 to 65 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/3) loam; massive; firm; very few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films in root channels and pores; common medium and coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine and medium faint pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: McHenry County, Illinois, about 9.7 km (6 miles) northwest of Marengo, 799 meters (2,620 feet) south and 799 meters (2,620 feet) west of the northeast corner of sec. 6, T. 44 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Garden Prairie NW topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 19 minutes 14 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 41 minutes 44 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 360275 easting and 4686763 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the loess or silty mantle is 56 to 102 cm (22 to 40 inches). The depth to the base of the argillic horizon is 91 to 140 cm (36 to 55 inches). Carbonates are at depths of 91 to 152 cm (36 to 60 inches).
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 (6 or 7 dry), and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is silt loam. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
The Bt or Btg horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 4. Redoximorphic features have chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is silty clay loam or silt loam. Clay content ranges from 25 to 35 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2Bt, 2Btg, 2BC, or 2BCg horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam. Clay content ranges from 20 to 34 percent, and sand content ranges from 20 to 50 percent. Reaction is moderately acid to slightly alkaline. Rock fragment content ranges from 1 to 10 percent.
The 2C or 2Cg horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 to 6. It is loam or sandy loam. Clay content averages 15 to 20 percent, and sand content averages 35 to 55 percent. Rock fragment content ranges from 2 to 15 percent. Bulk density ranges from 1.45 to 1.70 g/cm3. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are
Appleriver,
Blair,
Bunkum,
Fishhook,
Freeburg,
Geff,
Glenford,
Keene,
Muren,
Reesville,
Sugarvalley, and
Xenia series. Appleriver and Keene soils have a lithic or paralithic contact at depths less than 152 cm (60 inches). Blair, Bunkum, Fishhook, Freeburg, Geff, and Muren do not have carbonates at depths less than 152 cm (60 inches). Glenford soils do not have a lithologic discontinuity within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Reesville soils do not have subhorizons that have more than 15 percent sand within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Sugarvalley and Xenia soils have a bulk density of more than 1.70 g/cm3 in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Torox soils are on till plains and moraines. The slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. They formed in 56 to 102 cm (22 to 40 inches) of loess or other silty material and in the underlying loamy till. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 52 degrees F), mean annual precipitation is 762 to 1016 mm (30 to 40 inches), frost free days range from 140 to 180 days, and the elevation ranges from 207 to 311 meters (679 to 1020 feet) above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are
Caprell,
Pella,
Piscasaw, and
Windere soils. The well drained Caprell and Piscasaw soils and moderately well drained Windere soils are on higher landform positions. The poorly drained Pella soils are in slight depressions and drainageways and have a mollic epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. An intermittent apparent seasonal high water table is at a depth of 30 to 76 cm (1.0 foot to 2.5 feet) below the surface at some time between January and May in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second). (Permeability is moderate.)
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used to grow corn, soybeans, small grain, and meadow. Native vegetation is hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Illinois. These soils are of small extent in MLRA 95B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: McHenry County, Illinois, 1996. The name Torox is derived from the Toronto and Xenia series which were formerly mapped in McHenry County.
REMARKS: This soil was formerly mapped Toronto and Xenia on 0 to 2 percent slopes in McHenry County. Through MLRA update activities the majority of the units were found to fit an Aquic subgroup and did not meet the requirements of an Aquollic subgroup (Toronto). Also those units had a bulk density of 1.45 to 1.70 g/cm3 in the lower part of the series control section whereas Xenia soils have a bulk density of 1.70 to 1.90 g/cm3.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 25 cm (10 inches) (Ap horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 25 to 107 cm (10 to 42 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, 2Bt4, and 2Bt5 horizons); discontinuity at a depth of 64 cm (25 inches) - the contact between the Bt3 and 2Bt4 horizons.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.