LOCATION TOZE UT

Established Series
Rev. JLS/CSW/JWB
02/2011

TOZE SERIES

The Toze series consists of very deep, well drained soils that were formed in slope alluvium from limestone, shale, dolomite, and sandstone. These soils are on hillside slopes, alluvial fans and mountain plateaus. Slopes are 3 to 25 percent. The mean annual temperature is about 40 degrees F., and the average annual precipitation is about 28 inches.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Calcic Pachic Haplocryolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Toze gravelly silt loam - rangeland (Colors are for air dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

Al--0 to 1 inch; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure; soft, friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; few fine pores; 20 percent gravel; coarse fragments are strongly calcareous, soil matrix is noncalcareous; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)

A2--1 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few medium and fine, and common very fine roots; few very fine, and fine pores; 20 percent gravel; coarse fragments are strongly calcareous, soil matrix is noncalcareous; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual smooth boundary. (5 to 11 inches thick)

A3--9 to 22 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few medium, fine and very fine roots; few fine pores; 20 percent gravel; coarse fragments are strongly calcareous; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual smooth boundary. (5 to 13 inches thick)

A4--22 to 35 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine and very fine roots; few fine and very fine pores; 35 percent gravel and cobble; strongly calcareous, carbonates are disseminated and in coarse fragments; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)

Bk1--35 to 43 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) gravelly very fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; 35 percent gravel and cobble; very strongly calcareous, carbonates are disseminated and in fine coarse fragments; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 15 inches thick)

Bk2--43 to 52 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) gravelly very fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine pores; 40 percent gravel and cobble; very strongly calcareous, carbonates are disseminated and in veins, flakes and coarse fragments; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 17 inches thick)

Bk3--52 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) very gravelly very fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine pores; 50 percent gravel and cobble; very strongly calcareous, carbonates are disseminated and in coarse fragments; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Sanpete County, Utah. On Manti Mountain about 2 miles northeast of "the grove", on the jeep road into Willow Creek and about 1/4 mile west of Willow Creek on the west facing slope above the meadow, and 20 yards north of the road. 2,400 feet north and 3,200 feet west of the SE corner of sec. 36, T.17 S., R.3 E.; Ephraim USGS quad; lat. 39 degrees 17 minutes 39 seconds north and long. 111 degrees 32 minutes 17 seconds west, NAD27

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: These soils are usually moist in the 4 to 12 inch depth and are dry for periods of 80 days or less in the late summer months. The soil moisture control section is affected by precipitation that peaks from December to March and July to October and falls evenly throughout the remainder of the year. Udic bordering ustic moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature at 20 inches ranges from 36 to 47 degrees F.
Mean summer soil temperature is 52 to 58 degrees F.
Depth to lithic contact and thickness of regolith: greater than 60 inches
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 16 to 36 inches

Particle-size control section (weighted averages):
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent; 18 to 36 percent noncarbonate clay
Fine sand and coarser sand content: greater than 15 percent, including coarse fragments up to 7.5 mm
Rock fragment content: 15 to 35 percent
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam

A horizon: (ABk present in some pedons)
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline.

Bk horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 to 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: gravelly silty clay
Rock fragment content: 30 to 60 percent
Reaction: strongly to very strongly calcareous and slightly to strongly alkaline

Some pedons have an ABk horizon which is included as part of the calcic horizon.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Karlan and Richvale series. Karlan soils are moderately deep. Richvale soils do not have calcareous rock fragments in the A horizon, are 36 to 70 inches deep over sand and gravel, and have mean annual precipitation of 14 to 17 inches.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: slope alluvium from limestone, shale, dolomite, and sandstone
Landform: hillside slopes, alluvial fans, usually in pockets, and mountain plateaus
Slopes: 3 to 25 percent
Elevation: 7,500 to 12,200 feet
Mean annual temperature: 34 to 45 degrees F
Mean summer temperature: 53 to 58 degrees F
Mean annual precipitation: 20 to 35 inches; moist subhumid climate
Precipitation pattern: Peaks from December to March and July to October and falls evenly throughout the remainder of the year.
Frost-free period: 40 to 90 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Lizzant, Tingey, Zeesix and Kitchell series. Kitchell soils have more than 35 percent coarse fragments in the particle-size control section. Lizzant soils have more than 35 percent coarse fragments and more than 40 percent carbonates in the control section. Tingey and Zeesix soils have argillic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, medium runoff, moderate permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for range. Principal native vegetation is big sagebrush, snowberry, serviceberry, oakbrush, chokecherry, Oregongrape, aspen, scattered conifer and needlegrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Mountains of central Utah, Wasatch Mountains South; LRR E, MLRA 47; small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sanpete County, Utah, Sanpete Soil Survey Area, Utah 1971.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Series control section: The zone from 0 to 79 inches.
Particle-size control section: The zone from 10 to 40 inches. (parts of A3 and Bk1 horizon and all of A4 horizon)
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 35 inches. (A1, A2, A3, A4 horizons)
Calcic horizon: The zone from 35 to 60 inches. (Bk horizons)
Lithic contact: The contact with hard bedrock at more than 60 inches in some pedons.
Other features: Pachic feature: the mollic epipedon is greater than 16 inches thick.

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

The udic moisture regime is changed to udic bordering ustic, 02/2011.

Taxonomic Version: Classified according to Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010.

These soils were formerly classified in the Calcisol great soil group.

OSED scanned by NSSQA.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.