LOCATION TROCKEN                 NV

Established Series
Rev. OWB-WED-JVC-JBF
05/2016

TROCKEN SERIES

The Trocken series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Trocken soils are on alluvial fans, fan remnants, inset fans, fan skirts, longshore bars, barrier beaches, beach terraces, and lake terraces. Slopes are 0 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 150 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 10 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Torriorthents

TYPICAL PEDON: Trocken gravelly sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is partially covered with about 25 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, and 3 percent stones.

A1--0 to 3 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 20 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 cm thick)

A2--3 to 8 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine, fine, and medium interstitial pores; 20 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 cm thick)

Bw--8 to 18 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 45 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 13 cm thick)

Bk1--18 to 28 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; secondary carbonates segregated as common medium and coarse coats on bottoms of rock fragments; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 38 cm thick)

Bk2--28 to 48 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very gravelly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; 50 percent gravel; secondary carbonates segregated as common medium and coarse coats on bottoms of rock fragments; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear wavy boundary. (13 to 50 cm thick)

Bk3--48 to 61 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very gravelly loamy coarse sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; very few very fine and fine tubular and many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 50 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; secondary carbonates segregated as few fine filaments and common medium and coarse coats on bottoms of rock fragments; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 70 cm inches thick)

Bk4--61 to 84 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; very few roots; very few tubular and interstitial pores; 40 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; secondary carbonates segregated as few medium and coarse coats on bottoms of rock fragments; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 80 cm thick)

C1--84 to 102 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; 30 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)

C2--102 to 157 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 45 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8). (0 to 38 cm thick).

TYPE LOCATION: Washoe County, Nevada; on the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation about 9 miles north-northwest of Nixon between the Lake Range and Pyramid Lake; 1,000 feet north and 1,200 feet east of the southwest corner of section 18, T. 24 N., R. 23 E; USGS Nixon NW 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 56 minutes 47 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 26 minutes 48 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.9463889 latitude, -119.4455556 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist for short periods in the winter and spring, dry late May through November; typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C.
Depth to horizons with secondary carbonates: 13 to 25 cm.
Reaction: Neutral through very strongly alkaline (up to pH 9.6).
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent through violently effervescent.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 8 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent. Lithology of fragments is mixed rocks.

A horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.

Bw, Bk, and C horizons
Hue: 7.5YR through 2.5Y.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified horizons that average very cobbly loam to extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, individual strata range from gravelly loam through extremely gravelly coarse sand.
Rock fragments: 20 to 65 percent in individual subhorizons.
Structure: Subangular blocky or platy in Bw horizons, Bk horizons are subangular blocky or massive, C horizons are massive.
Consistence: Soft or slightly hard, dry.
Salinity (EC): 0 to 32 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 1 to 45.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent.
Other features: C horizons are not present in some pedons.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Cliffdown, Clifterson, Clowfin, Defler, Dient and Myton series.

Cliffdown and Myton soils are intermittently moist for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and October and do not have thin Bw horizons. Clifterson soils average 18 to 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section and do not have thin Bw horizons. Clowfin soils have mean annual soil temperature of 8 to 12 degrees C., do not have thin Bw horizons, and do not have identifiable secondary carbonates. Defler soils have mean annual soil temperatures of 8 to 11 degrees C. and do not have thin Bw horizons. Dient soils average 18 to 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section and are intermittently moist in the upper part between July and October due to summer convection storms.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Trocken soils are on alluvial fans, fan remnants, inset fans, fan skirts, longshore bars, barrier beaches, beach terraces, and lake terraces. They formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Slopes are 0 to 30 percent. Elevations range from 1,160 to 1,830 meters. The climate is arid with cool, moist winters and hot, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 100 to 180 mm, the mean annual temperature is 10 to 12 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bluewing and Hawsley soils. Bluewing soils are sandy-skeletal. Hawsley soils are sandy.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; low or medium surface runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Trocken soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly Bailey's greasewood, winterfat, and Indian ricegrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Nevada. These soils are extensive, with about 250,000 acres of the series mapped to date. MLRA 27.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washoe County (South Part), Nevada, 1980.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A1, A2 and Bw horizons).
Identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 18 to 84 cm (Bk1, Bk2, Bk3, and Bk4 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Bk2, Bk3, Bk4, C1 and part of the Bk1 horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: The typical pedon at the series type location has full characterization data by the Soil Survey Laboratory (SSL), Lincoln, NE, as soil survey sample number S78NV-031-006 (pedon # 78P0595). This pedon is also reference sampled as soil survey sample number S01NV-031-006 (pedon # 02P0108).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.