LOCATION TULANA OR+CA
Established Series
Rev. JSC/AON/TDT/BTH/CEG
06/2022
TULANA SERIES
Landscape--intermontane basins
Landform--lake bottoms
Slope--0 to 1 percent
Parent material--lacustrine sediments high in diatoms and amorphous material
Mean annual precipitation--about 305 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 8.3 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--poorly drained
Soil moisture regime--aquic
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Aquandic Humaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Tulana diatomaceous silt loam, cultivated
Ap--0 to 20 cm; diatomaceous silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak very fine granular structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine pores; neutral (pH 7.3); abrupt smooth boundary
A--20 to 58 cm; diatomaceous silt loam, gray (N 5/ ) and flecks of light gray (N 7/ ) dry, black (N 2/ ) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 7.3); abrupt smooth boundary
C--58 to 94 cm; ashy diatomaceous silt, light gray (10YR 7/1) dry, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; common faint mottles, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; and common prominent mottles, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist, in root channels and pores; moderate very thin platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 7.3); abrupt smooth boundary
2Ab--94 to 117 cm; mucky diatomaceous silt, gray (10YR 6/1) dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; common fine faint, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist, and distinct, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist, mottles; weak thin platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary
2C1--117 to 145 cm; diatomaceous silt, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; common mottles, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; weak very thin platy structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few roots; few very fine tubular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.3); abrupt smooth boundary
3C2--145 to 163 cm; very fine sandy loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; common fine prominent mottles, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist, and black streaks and spots; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few roots; many very fine pores; moderately acid (pH 6.0); abrupt smooth boundary
4C3--163 to 208 cm; diatomaceous silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; common prominent mottles, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; common black flecks and patches; weak very thin platy structure (bedding planes); slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; few very fine tubular pores; moderately acid (pH 6.0); abrupt smooth boundary
5C4--208 to 218 cm; fine sand, gray (10YR 6/1) dry, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; common fine prominent mottles, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few roots; many very fine pores; moderately acid (pH 6.0); abrupt smooth boundary
6C5--218 to 234 cm; diatomaceous silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/1) dry, olive gray (5Y 4/2) moist; common fine prominent mottles, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine pores; moderately acid (pH 6.0)
TYPE LOCATION: Klamath County, Oregon; about 150 m south of the intersection of Center Canal and Klamath Straight Drain; 850 m south and 60 m west of the northeast corner of section 31, T. 40 S., R. 9 E., Willamette Meridian; Worden, Oregon USGS 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle; latitude 42.04492 degrees north, longitude 121.7973 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates determined from GIS)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
*Mean annual soil temperature-- 8.3 to 10.6 degrees C
*Moisture control section--10 to 30 cm; saturated throughout in winter, moist in the mid and lower profile during the growing season
*Mollic epipedon--25 to 58 cm thick
*1/3-bar bulk density--0.40 to 0.85 g/cm3, all horizons
*Organic Matter--decreases irregularly with depth
*Soil Reaction--ranges are reflective of drained and undrained conditions
Other features
*The soils have high amounts of diatoms, sponge spicules, and amorphous materials.
*Silty volcanic ash layer--occurs immediately below the mollic epipedon; light gray; 15 to 70 cm thick, but less than 35 cumulative cm thick within 60 cm of the surface
*Mucky layers--common at depths below 50 cm; 10 to 25 cm thick
*Pumiceous ash layers--common at depths below 90 cm; 2 to 15 cm thick
Particle-size control section
*Clay content--10 to 30 percent; weighted average over 18 percent
*Sand content--less than 15 percent fine sand or coarser material
Ap, A, 2Ab horizons (some pedons lack 2Ab horizons)
*Hue--neutral or 10YR dry; neutral, 10YR, or 7.5YR moist
*Value--5 or 6 dry, 2 or 3 moist
*Chroma--0 to 2 dry or moist
*Fine-earth texture--diatomaceous silt loam, diatomaceous silt, mucky diatomaceous silt, mucky diatomaceous silt loam
*Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline (pH 6.1 to 7.8)
*15-bar water content--45 to 65 percent
*Organic matter content--10 to 20 percent
*Base saturation (sum of cations)--50 to 85 percent
*Thickness--5 to 58 cm
C horizon
*Hue--10YR to 5Y moist or dry
*Value--5 or 8 dry, 2 to 7 moist
*Chroma--0 to 2 moist or dry
*Fine-earth texture--ashy diatomaceous silt loam, ashy diatomaceous silt, diatomaceous silt, diatomaceous silt loam, diatomaceous silty clay loam
*Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly alkaline (pH 4.5 to 7.8)
*Thickness--15 to 70 cm
2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, and 6C horizons (not all present in all pedons)
*Hue--10YR dry, 10YR to 5Y moist
*Fine-earth texture--diatomaceous silt, diatomaceous silt loam, diatomaceous silty clay loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sand
*Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly alkaline (pH 4.5 to 7.8)
COMPETING SERIES:
There are no competing series for this soil.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--1245 to 1275 m
Climate--semiarid with hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--203 to 550 mm
Mean annual air temperature-- 6.9 to 10.9 degrees C
Mean January temperature-- -2.8 to -1.7 degrees C
Mean July temperature-- 18.3 to 20.6 degrees C
Frost-free period--50 to 110 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Algoma--SAR greater than 13 in the surface
Henley--duripan at depths of 50 to 100 cm; calcareous; strongly to very strongly alkaline; greater than 15 percent materials coarser than very fine sand
Laki--calcareous; strongly to very strongly alkaline; greater than 15 percent materials coarser than very fine sand
Teeters--SAR greater than 13 in the surface
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately low to very high
Runoff--ponded or very slow
The soils are ponded under natural conditions.
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--irrigated pasture, small grains, wildlife habitat
Vegetation--cattails, bulrushes
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Klamath and Shasta Valleys and Basins, CA and OR; MLRA 21; Extensive
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED:
Modoc County, California, 1974
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--Ap, A horizons
*Volcanic glass--C horizon
*Aquic conditions--all horizons
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 100 cm
The soils in their natural conditions have an aquic soil moisture regime.
Base saturation is less than 50 percent by sum of cations and by ammonium acetate in the lower part of the profile.
The particle size control section averages over 18 percent clay, the 13 to 58 cm layer averages about 27 percent clay and the 58 to 100 cm layer averages about 10 percent clay.
5/1990: Classification changed. Former classification: medial, nonacid, mesic Mollic Andaquepts.
3/2003: The superactive cation exchange activity class was added to the taxonomic classification by the National Soil Survey Center on request of the Reno MLRA office, without review of the soil series property data. The remainder of this document was not updated.
4/2022: Updated the soil textures with diatomaceous modifiers for all silty textures. Added an ashy modifier to the C1 horizon.
Further investigation is needed to confirm fine-silty (vs. coarse silty) particle-size class, and to confirm that Aquandic subgroup criteria are met; lab data from other Tulana pedons are inconclusive with regard to Aquandic subgroup criteria.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Characterization data on 2 Oregon profiles (S67 Oreg. 18-11 and 18-12) reported in Riverside Soil Survey Laboratory report for Tulana soils sampled in Klamath County, Oregon, 1967 and 1 California profile (S72 Cal. 25-23). Unpublished.
NASIS SITE ID--1977OR035011; NASIS PEDON ID--1977OR035011
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.