LOCATION TULIK                   AK

Inactive Series
Rev. WRF
02/2022

TULIK SERIES

The Tulik series consists of deep, well-drained soils formed in layers of fine-grained and coarse-grained volcanic ash, with a few layers of cinders. Tulik soils are on alluvial fans and uplands and have slopes of 2 to 75 percent. The mean annual precipitation is 55 to 65 inches, and the mean annual air temperature is about 41 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS:

TYPICAL PEDON: Tulik silt loam, rangeland. (Colors are for moist soil).

02--2 to 0 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) well decomposed plant litter with an admixture of about 15 percent ash; abrupt smooth boundary.

A11--0 to 4 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable, smeary; many roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

A12--4 to 11 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable, smeary; common roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C1--11 to 15 inches; very dark gray (5YR 3/1) cindery loamy fine sand; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

C2--15 to 20 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) silt loam with common large distinct mottles or patches of dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2);weak fine granular structure; very friable, smeary; few roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

C3--20 to 22 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) very cindery loamy sand; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; no roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

C4--22 to 37 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable, smeary.; no roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

C5--37 to 49 inches; black (5YR 2/1) loamy fine sand with 1 to 3 inch thick layers of silt loam, cindery loamy sand, and very cindery sand; massive; loose; nonsticky and nonplastic; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Umnak-Unalaska, Alaska about 2,600 feet west of Tomlin ranch house; approx. Lat. 53 degrees 24' N, and Long. 167 degrees 55 'W on Umnak Island.

COMPETING SERIES: These include the Island series of the same family, and the Aslik, Kvichak, Pustoi, and Umnak series. The Island soils have no layers of coarse-grained ash or cinders above 30 inches. The Aslik soils have no silty strata and are very cindery in the lower part of the 10 to 40 inch section. The Kvichak soils have sandy or sandy loam substrata. The Pustoi soils have only thin thixotropic layers in the upper part of the soil, and are formed dominantly in sandy ash. The Umnak soils are layered, but are made up dominantly of nonthixotropic materials.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature is estimated to range from to 40 to 44 degrees F. The soil is always moist. It consists of layered silty and sandy volcanic ash, with silty materials predominating. An admixture or thin layers of cinders may occur. Below depths of 20 inches, coarse, medium, and fine sand-size volcanic ash commonly makes up 20 to 30 percent of the soil mass. There is considerable variation in texture, arrangement, and thickness of the layers. Colors throughout the profile have hues of 5YR to 10YR with values of 2 or 3 moist, and chromas of 1 or 2 moist. Reaction is slightly acid to neutral.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tulik soils are on alluvial fans and uplands in the vicinity of active volcanos, and have gradients of 2 to 75 percent. Elevations range from 50 to 2000 feet. The climate is maritime, with cool summers and mild winters. The mean annual precipitation is 55 to 65 inches. The mean annual air temperature is 41 degrees F.; the mean January air temperature is 33 degrees F.; the mean July air temperature is 52 degrees F.; and the average growing season is 145 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Aslik and Umnak series and the Okmok, Partov, and Tanak series. The Okmok soils are very cindery and have bedrock at depths of 20 to 30 inches. The Partov soils are very stony and have bedrock at depths of less than 20 inches. The Tanak soils are very poorly drained peats.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well-drained; moderate to rapid runoff; permeability is moderate.

USE AND VEGETATION: The Tulik soils are used for rangeland. The vegetation consists mostly of grasses and low growing forbs. Principal plants are bluejoint, hairgrass, sedges, fireweed, cow parsnip, and wild parsley.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES PROPOSED: Umnak area, Alaska, 1977. (Source of name is Tulik volcano on Umnak Island).

REMARKS: Soil sample No. S76AK-26-3.

OSED scanned by SSQA. Last revised by state on 1/77.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.