LOCATION TURPELA MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, frigid Typic Albaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Turpela fine sandy loam on a slightly concave 2 percent slope on an outwash-mantled till plain under an aspen forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 7 inches thick).
Bg1--5 to 21 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) Fe concentrations and many coarse distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) Fe depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bg2--21 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) Fe concentrations and many coarse distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) Fe depletions; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizons is 15 to 35 inches).
2Bt1--28 to 34 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; very few continuous very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; many coarse distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations and many coarse prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Fe depletions; strongly acid; 2 percent gravel; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt2--34 to 55 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; very few continuous very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) Fe concentrations and common medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) Fe depletions; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons is 13 to 26 inches)
2BCd--55 to 80 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium platy; very firm; 5 percent gravel; 2 percent cobbles; 2 percent stones; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: St. Louis County, Minnesota, about 5 miles south of Eveleth; about 100 feet north and 1200 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 29, T. 57 N., R. 17 W. USGS Eveleth, Minnesota Quadrangle; latitude 47 degrees 23 minutes 12 seconds N. and longitude 92 degrees 31 minutes 16 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the mantle ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The depth to carbonates is greater than 60 inches. Rock fragment content, by volume, ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the mantle and from 1 to 8 percent in the underlying till. A thin lag line with as much as 30 percent rock fragments is at the contact of the two sediments in some pedons. Depth to dense till is 45 to 60 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 to 3. An Ap horizon ranging from 6 to 9 inches in thickness is in cultivated areas and has value and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam. Reaction is very strongly acid to moderately acid.
Some pedons have thin or discontinuous Bw or Eg horizons.
The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5 and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand or sand. The upper part is fine sandy loam, sandy loam or loam in some pedons. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 3 to 5. Texture is clay or clay loam. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2BCd horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is clay or clay loam. Reaction is moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Turpela soils are on linear or slightly concave surfaces of till plains and moraines. They formed in a 20 to 40 inch mantle of sandy glacial outwash or eolian sediments and underlying fine, dense glacial till deposited by the St.Louis sublobe of late Wisconsin age. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature is 38 to 41 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is 25 to 28 inches. The frost-free period is 95 to 125 days. Elevation above sea level is 1250 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Buhl, Daisybay, Dora, Fayal, Hibbing, Majestic, McQuade, Mooseline, and Rifle soils. The moderately well drained Majestic and somewhat poorly drained Mooseline soils are members of a hydrosequence with Turpela soils. The moderately well drained Hibbing, somewhat poorly drained Buhl, poorly drained McQuade, and very poorly drained Fayal soils form a hydrosequence and do not have a coarse-textured mantle. The very poorly drained Daisybay and Dora soils are on broad flats and in depressions and formed in organic materials over till. The very poorly drained Rifle soils and are in depressions and formed in organic materials.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. Runoff is negligible to low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately rapid in the upper part and very slow in the lower part. Turpela soils have perched seasonal high saturation at the surface for some time from April through June and October through November in normal years
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested. Principal trees are aspen, paper birch, balsam fir, red pine, white pine and jack pine. A few areas are used for pastureland and hayland. Native vegetation is mixed coniferous and deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeast Minnesota, MLRA-88. Minor extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Louis County, Minnesota, 2005.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 5 inches (A horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 28 to 55 inches (2Bt horizons); aquic moisture regime; densic materials - the zone from 55 to 80 inches (2BCd horizon).