LOCATION TUSKEEGO IA+MO

Established Series
Rev. JDH-RID-RJB
06/2015

TUSKEEGO SERIES

The Tuskeego series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils formed in alluvium. These soils are on treads and risers on stream terraces and on base slopes on dissected till plains. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 10 degrees C (50 degrees F). Mean annual precipitation is about 81 centimeters (32 inches).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Mollic Endoaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Tuskeego silt loam, on a stream terrace, with a 1 percent slope, in a cultivated field. (All colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 centimeters (0 to 9 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) kneaded; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common roots and pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 31 centimeters (6 to 10 inches) thick]

E1--23 to 38 centimeters (9 to 15 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) kneaded, gray (10YR 6/1) dry on lower side of plates and light gray (10YR 7/1) dry on upper side of plates; moderate thin platy structure; friable; common roots; many fine pores; common soft dark accumulations (oxides); many gray (10YR 6/1)dry silt coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

E2--38 to 48 centimeters (15 to 19 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 6/1) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) kneaded; moderate thin platy and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots and pores; common prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) dry silt coats on faces of peds; common soft accumulations (oxides); common fine distinct brown (10YR 5/3) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the E horizon is 20 to 30 centimeters (8 to 12 inches).]

Bg--48 to 61 centimeters (19 to 24 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine pores; few light gray (10YR 7/1) dry silt coats on faces of peds; many concretions; common soft accumulations (oxides); many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. [5 to 15 centimeters (2 to 6 inches) thick]

Btg1--61 to 76 centimeters (24 to 30 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; common fine concretions and soft accumulations (oxides); many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay films; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg2--76 to 89 centimeters (30 to 35 inches); about 65 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and about 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; common concretions and soft accumulations (oxides); few distinct clay films; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg3--89 to 104 centimeters (35 to 41 inches); about 65 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and about 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common concretions and soft accumulations (oxides); few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg4--104 to 152 centimeters (41 to 60 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common concretions and soft accumulations (oxides); many fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 109-Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain; Appanoose County, Iowa subset; about 6 miles southeast of Centerville; about 640 meters (2,100 feet) east and 366 meters (1,200 feet) north of the southwest corner of section 1, T. 68 N., R. 17 W.; USGS Centerville East quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 42 minutes 51 seconds N. and 92 degrees 45 minutes 52 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--more than 183 centimeters (more than 72 inches)
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--35 to 45 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 10 percent

Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--15 to 35 percent
Sand content--5 to 15 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

E horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--15 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid

Bg horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--25 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid

Btg horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content--35 to 48 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid

Some pedons have sandy materials below a depth of 150 centimeters (59 inches)

COMPETING SERIES: There are no series in the same family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--alluvium
Landform--treads and risers on stream terraces and on base slopes on dissected till plains
Slopes--0 to 5 percent
Elevation--152 to 366 meters (500 to 1,200 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 12 degrees C (47 to 53 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--76 to 86 centimeters (30 to 34 inches)
Frost-free period--165 to 180 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chequest, Colo, Coppock, and Vesser soils.
Chequest--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Tuskeego soils and have mollic epipedons 25 to 60 centimeters (10 to 24 inches) thick
Colo--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Tuskeego soils and have mollic epipedons more than 91 centimeters (36 inches) thick and do not have argillic horizons
Coppock--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Tuskeego soils and have a clay content of 27 to 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Vesser--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Tuskeego soils, have mollic epipedons 25 to 50 centimeters (10 to 20 inches) thick, and have a clay content of 30 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs within a depth of 0.3 meters (1 foot) during November to July in normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--low or moderately low
Surface runoff potential--negligible to high
Flooding--none to occasionally flooded for brief to long periods during the months of February to November from precipitation events and snowmelt

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, oats, soybeans, and hay. The native vegetation is mixed big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, other grasses of the tall grass prairie and deciduous trees. See Additional Data section for native vegetative cover in Iowa.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRA(s)--Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108) and Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109)
LRR M; southeastern Iowa and northern Missouri
Extent--small

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Appanoose County, Iowa, 1970

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 61 to 111 centimeters (24 to 44 inches) (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3 and Btg4 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 152 centimeters (60 inches) (Ap, E1, E2, Bg, Btg1, Btg2, Btg3 and Btg4 horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
orchric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 48 centimeters (0 to 19 inches) (Ap, E1, and E2 horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 23 to 48 centimeters (9 to 19 inches) (E1 and E2 horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 61 to 152 centimeters (24 to 60 inches) (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3 and Btg4 horizons);
aquic moisture regime.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.

ADDITIONAL DATA: In Iowa, the native vegetative cover is a mixed herbaceous and woody community commonly inhabited with Green Ashes, American Elms, Common Hackberries, Eastern Cottonwoods, American Sycamores, Silky Dogwoods, Black Willows, Wild Black Currants, Riverbank Grapes, Grays Sedges, Hop Sedges, Virginia Wildryes, Stiff Bedstraws, White Avens, Wood Nettles, False Nettles, Canadian Clearweeds, and Common Bonesets. Source: Iowa State Office, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Des Moines, IA.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.