LOCATION TUTTU                   AK

Established Series
MPS
11/2024

TUTTU SERIES

Depth class: very deep
Drainage class: well drained
Parent material: loamy volcanic ash over loamy colluvium derived from sandstone
Landscape: mountains, hills
Landform: mountain slopes, hillslopes
Slopes: 5 to 40 percent
Mean annual precipitation: about 400 mm (16 in)
Mean annual air temperature: about -3 degrees C. (27 degrees F.)
Frost-free period: 70 to 90 days

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, acid, subgelic Andic Humigelepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Tuttu highly organic medial silt loam in a white spruce woodland community on a northwest facing linear, convex backslope on a slope of 14 percent at an elevation of 319m (1047 ft)

Oi--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in); slightly decomposed plant material; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) broken face moist, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) broken face dry; many very fine, fine, and common medium roots throughout; extremely acid (pH 4.1); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 12 cm, 3 to 5 in thick)

Oe--10 to 14 cm (4 to 6 in); moderately decomposed plant material; black (10YR 2/1) broken face moist, dark gray (10YR 4/1) broken face dry; many very fine, fine, medium, and common very coarse roots throughout; extremely acid (pH 4.3); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 5 cm, 0 to 2 in thick)

A--14 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in); highly organic medial silt loam; black (10YR 2/1) broken face moist, dark gray (10YR 4/1) broken face dry; weak medium subangular blocky parts to moderate fine granular structure; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; weakly smeary; many very fine, fine, and common medium roots throughout; common very fine dendritic tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 15 cm, 1 to 6 in thick)

Bhs--20 to 37 cm (8 to 15 in); medial silt loam; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) broken face moist, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) broken face dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, slightly sticky, nonplastic; weakly smeary; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine dendritic tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 20 cm, 6 to 8 in thick)

2C--37 to 200 cm (15 to 79 in); gravelly very fine sandy loam; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) broken face moist, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) broken face dry; massive; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; nonsmeary; moderately few very fine and fine roots throughout; many very fine dendritic tubular pores; 30 percent gravel; very strongly acid (pH 4.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Nulato Hills - Continental Divide and Blackburn Hills Soil Survey Area, Alaska; latitude 64.3526369, longitude -159.9435875, datum WGS84, UTM north 7136648.71 and UTM east 454430.88, zone 4, datum WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture regime: udic
Soil temperature regime: gelic
Mean annual soil temperature: -1 to 0 degrees C. (30 to 32 degrees F.)
Thickness of organic material: 8 to 14 cm (3 to 6 in)
Thickness of umbric epipedon: 18 to 35 cm (7 to 14 in)
Thickness of andic soil properties: 18 to 35 cm (7 to 14 in )

Oi and Oe horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: slightly decomposed material and moderately decomposed material
Organic matter: 60 to 90 percent
Reaction class: ultra acid to extremely acid (pH 3 to 4.4)

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 to 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: highly organic medial silt loam
Sand: 10 to 35 percent
Silt: 55 to 80 percent
Clay: 2 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent
Organic matter: 10 to 19 percent
Bulk density: 0.5 to 1.0 g/cm3
Al plus 1/2 Fe: 1 to 4 percent
Volcanic glass content: 0 to 20 percent
Phosphorous retention: 85 to 100 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to very strongly acid (pH 3.5 to 5)

Bhs horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 2 to 3 moist, 4 to 5 dry
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: medial silt loam, medial very fine sandy loam
Sand: 10 to 60 percent
Silt: 30 to 80 percent
Clay: 3 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 14 percent
Organic matter: 2 to 6 percent
Bulk density: 0.5 to 1.0 g/cm3
Al plus 1/2 Fe: 1 to 4 percent
Volcanic glass content: 0 to 20 percent
Phosphorous retention: 85 to 100 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to very strongly acid (pH 3.5 to 5)

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 5 moist, 6 to 7 dry
Chroma: 2 to 3
Texture: loam, very fine sandy loam or their gravelly analogues
Sand: 35 to 65 percent
Silt: 20 to 50 percent
Clay: 2 to 15 percent
Rock fragments: 20 to 45 percent
Organic matter: 0.4 to 3 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to very strongly acid (pH 3.5 to 5)

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation: 125 to 400 meters (410 to 1315 feet)
Parent material: loamy volcanic ash over loamy colluvium derived from sandstone
Landform: mountain slopes, hillslopes
Slopes: 5 to 40 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 400 to 500 mm (16 to 20 in)
Mean annual air temperature: -6 to -1 degrees C. (20 to 30 degrees F.)
Frost free period: 70 to 90 days
Aspect: 225 to 135 degrees

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Buck, Diamondcreek, Fluffle, Muskox, Napaaktuk, Tagluk, Tenmileriver, Umilguk, and Uniat soils.
Buck soils have a paralithic contact at depths between 100 to 150 cm (40 to 60 in), have cryoturbation, can have spodic materials, have a loamy-skeletal particle size class, have a cryic soil temperature regime, and occur on shoulders of low ridges
Diamondcreek soils have aquic conditions starting between 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in), have a reduced matrix starting within 50 cm (20 in), have a cambic horizon, lack andic soil properties, and occur on swales on nose slopes
Fluffle soils have aquic conditions starting between 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in), have a reduced matrix starting within 50 cm, have an ochric epipedon, have a cambic horizon, lack andic soil properties, have a nonacid reaction class, have a cryic soil temperature regime, and occur on flood plains
Muskox soils have a cambic horizon, lack andic soil properties, have a cryic soil temperature regime, and occur on head slopes and swales on mountainflanks, lower third
Napaaktuk soils have aquic conditions starting between 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in), have a reduced matrix starting within 100 cm (40 in), have a mollic epipedon, lack andic soil properties, have a cryic soil temperature regime, have an aniso particle size modifier, and occur on flood plains
Tagluk soils have a folistic epipedon, have a mollic epipedon, lack andic soil properties, have a loamy-skeletal particle size class, have a cryic soil temperature regime, and occur on head slopes and mountainflanks
Tenmileriver soils have a medial over loamy-skeletal particle size class, have an amorphic over mixed mineralogy class, and occur on similar landforms on backslopes, footslopes, and mountainflanks, lower third
Umilguk soils have aquic conditions starting between 25 to 50 cm (10 to 20 in), have a reduced matrix starting within 75 cm (30 in), have a mollic epipedon, lack andic soil properties, have a cryic soil temperature regime, and occur on nose slopes and mountainflanks, lower third
Uniat soils have a lithic contact at depths between 100 to 150 cm (40 to 60 in), have a fragmental layer starting at depths between 10 to 91 cm (4 to 36 in), have an ochric epipedon, have a cambic horizon, have a fragmental particle size class, have a cryic soil temperature regime, and occur on mounds in valleys, mountaintops, and mountainflanks, upper third

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class: well drained
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: very high in the Oi and Oe horizons, moderately high to high in the A, Bhs, and 2C horizons
Permeability: rapid to very rapid in the Oi and Oe horizons, moderate to moderately rapid in the A and 2C horizons, and moderate to rapid in the Bhs horizon
Runoff: low to medium

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use: wildlife habitat, recreation, and subsistence
Native vegetation: marsh labrador tea, black crowberry, dwarf birch, field horsetail, tealeaf willow, Schreber's big red stem moss, splendid feather moss, white spruce, sphagnum, bog blueberry, Lapland cornel, smallawned sedge, moss, polytrichum moss, lingonberry, black spruce, cloudberry, beauverd spirea, greygreen reindeer lichen

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 240, Nulato Hills-Southern Seward Peninsula Highlands. The series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Wasilla, Alaska

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nulato Hills - Continental Divide and Blackburn Hills Soil Survey, Alaska, 2024.

REMARKS: Diagnostic features and horizons recognized in this profile include:

Particle-size control section: 39 to 114 cm (15 to 45 in)

Umbric epipedon: 14 to 37 cm (6 to 15 in) (A and Bhs horizons)

Andic soil properties: 14 to 37 cm (6 to 15 in) (A and Bhs horizons)

Lithologic discontinuity: 37 to 200 cm (15 to 79 in) (2C horizon)

ADDITIONAL DATA:

User pedon ID: 2021AK290741

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.