LOCATION TALLY MT+ND SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Tally sandy loam, cultivated (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
Ap--0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots; neutral (pH 7.1); abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--6 to 14 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots; many fine and very fine pores; neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
Bw2--14 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots; many fine and very fine pores; neutral (pH 6.9); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 20 inches thick)
Bk1--32 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine pores; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 35 inches thick)
Bk2--38 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine pores; disseminated lime; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Roosevelt County, Montana; 1,200 feet east and 2,000 feet south of the NW corner of sec. 7, T. 20 N., R. 56 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature - 42 to 47 degrees F.
Moisture control section - between 8 and 24 inches.
Mollic epipedon thickness - 7 to 16 inches.
Depth to Bk horizon - 15 to 35 inches.
Soil phases - warm, till substratum.
Depth to loamy fine sand and coarser material is more than 20 inches. The 10 to 40 inch control section is 5 to 18 percent clay and more than 35 percent coarser than very fine sand. C horizon is allowed.
A horizon - Hue: 2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR
Value: 3, 4, or 5 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
Clay content: 5 to 25 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent pebbles
Reaction: pH 6.1 to 7.8.
Bw1 horizon - Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 18 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent pebbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4
Bw2 horizon - Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 18 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent pebbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4
Bk horizon - Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, 7.5YR
Value: 5, 6, or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist
Chroma: 2, 3, or 4
Texture: loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, fine sandy loam, and sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 18 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent pebbles above 40 inches and 0 to 25 percent below 40 inches
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4
The loamy fine sand, loamy sand, and fine sand occur at a depth of more than 20 inches. Some pedons have glacial till at depths of 40 to 60 inches.
COMPETING SERIES:
Baggs (MT) - does not have Bk horizons.
Baxton - paralithic contact at 20 to 40 inches; lithic contact at 40 to 60 inches; does not have Bk horizons.
Belain (MT) - lithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Bitterroot (MT) - paralithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Chincap (WY) - lithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Hopley (MT) - paralithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Mott (ND) - does not have Bk horizons; any lime that may be present is deeper than 40 inches.
Panguitch (UT) - 15 to 35 percent rock fragments throughout the profile.
Relan (MT) - does not have a cambic horizon; has a Ck horizon immediately underlying the mollic epipedon.
Vebar (ND) - paralithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Victor (MT) - does not have a Bk horizon; is sandy-skeletal at a moderate depth.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - alluvial fans; stream terraces; till plains; drainageways; hills; sedimentary plains; outwash plains.
Elevation - 1,800 to 5,000 feet. (In Wyoming and Utah it ranges to 8,200 feet; South Dakota ranges down to 1,000 feet)
Slope- 0 to 45 percent.
Parent material - eolian material or alluvium and glaciofluvial deposits derived from quartzite, granite, sandstone, or limestone rock sources.
Climate - cool, with cold, dry winters; moist springs; warm summers.
Mean annual precipitation - 12 to 20 inches, most of which falls in spring and early in summer. Rainfall areas of less than 14 inches are cooler and have lower evaporation.
Mean annual air temperature - 39 to 45 degrees F.
Frost-free period - 70 to 140 days. (In Wyoming and Utah it is 60 to 135 days.)
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for irrigated and nonirrigated crops and as rangeland. The major crops are small grain and hay. Potential native vegetation is mainly western wheatgrass, needleandthread, prairie junegrass, prairie sandreed, forbs, and shrubs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: In the valleys of western Montana and on the plains of eastern Montana and adjacent areas in North Dakota, South Dakota, and possibly northeastern Wyoming. It is an extensive series.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Upper Flathead Valley Area, Montana, 1958.
REMARKS: Soil interpretation records: MT0019, MT0857. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: a mollic epipedon from the soil surface to 14 inches (Ap, Bw1 horizons); a cambic horizon from 14 to 32 inches (Bw2 horizons); accumulation of lime from 32 to 60 inches (Bk1, Bk2 horizons); a particle-size control section from 10 to 40 inches (Bw1, Bw2, Bk1, Bk2 horizons). Tally soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime. Type location is moved from Flathead County to Roosevelt County, Montana.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory sample S74-MT-105-2.