LOCATION TURON KS

Established Series
JCW, JGA, BKN
07/2020

TURON SERIES

The Turon series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in eolian deposits over a buried alluvial soil. These soils are on dunes on paleoterraces in river valleys of the Great Bend Sand Plains, MLRA 79. Slope ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Mean annual air temperature is 13 degrees C (56 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is 740 millimeters (29 inches), at the type location.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Lamellic Haplustalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Turon fine sand - on a northwest facing, convex 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 533 meters (1748 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. Clay percentages are based on lab data.) As described on November 4, 1997.

Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3), interior, fine sand, brown (10YR 5/3), interior, moist; single grain; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; 2 percent clay; strongly acid; (8 to 46 centimeters (3 to 18 inches) thick.)

Bt--20 to 71 centimeters (8 to 28 inches); brown (10YR 5/3), interior, loamy fine sand, brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; Three lamellae 10 cm, 18 cm and 17 cm thick 10YR 4/4.; 8 percent clay; moderately acid; few distinct continuous clay bridging on vertical and horizontal faces of peds. (23 to 97 centimeters (9 to 38 inches) thick.)

E&Bt--71 to 102 centimeters (28 to 40 inches); loamy fine sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), interior, and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, moist (E); weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; Two horizontal lamellae 4 cm and 2 cm thick 7.5YR 4/4 sandy loam 12% clay; 8 percent clay; moderately acid; few distinct patchy clay bridging between sand grains; lamellae of very pale brown (10YR 7/3), interior, loamy fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3), interior, moist (Bt); weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 8 percent clay. (0 to 97 centimeters (0 to 38 inches) thick.)

2Btb1--102 to 147 centimeters (40 to 58 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), interior, silty clay, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 40 percent clay; neutral; few distinct discontinuous clay bridging between sand grains.

2Btb2--147 to 191 centimeters (58 to 75 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), interior, silty clay, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3), interior, moist; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 42 percent clay; slightly alkaline; common distinct continuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine irregular masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout.

2Btb3--191 to 200 centimeters (75 to 80 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), interior, silty clay, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3), interior, moist; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist irregular mottles throughout; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 41 percent clay; slightly alkaline; common distinct continuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine irregular masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout. (Combined thickness of 2Btb horizons is 13 to 97 centimeters (5 to 38 inches) thick.)

TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; 8 kilometers (5 miles) north and 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) east of Turon; 201 meters (660 feet) west and 707 meters (2320 feet) north of the southeast corner of sec. 10 T. 25 S., R. 10 W. Sylvia USGS quadrangle; latitude 37 degrees 53 minutes 21.4 seconds N. and longitude 98 degrees 24 minutes 3.4 seconds W., WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic bordering on udic
Ochric epipedon thickness: 8 to 46 centimeters (3 to 18 inches)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: greater than 100 centimeters (40 inches) and where present only occur in the buried alluvial soil material.
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: between 100 to 150 centimeters (40 and 60 inches)
Soil moisture: the soil moisture control section is intermittently moist in some part from March through October; driest in November through February
Mean annual soil temperature: 13 to 14 degrees C (56 to 58 degrees F)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 2 to 18 percent
Sand content: 70 to 88 percent
Some pedons contain AB, BC, C, Ab, Btb, 2Ab, and 2Btkb horizons.

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: fine sand or loamy fine sand
Clay content: 1 to 8 percent
Sand content: 80 to 90 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry (matrix), 4 or 5 moist, and 4 or 5 dry (lamellae); 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6 dry or moist (matrix), and 3 or 4 dry or moist (lamellae)
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sand (matrix), sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy sand (lamellae)
Clay content: 2 to 18 percent
Sand content: 70 to 88 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

E & Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR (E) 7.5YR (Bt)
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist (E); 4 to 5 dry, 3 to 4 moist (Bt)
Chroma: 4 dry or moist (E) 3 or 4 dry or moist (Bt)
Texture: sand, fine sand, or loamy fine sand (E); loamy sand, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine sand (Bt)
Clay content: 1 to 8 percent (E); 1 to 15 percent (Bt)
Sand content: 85 to 93 percent (E); 65 to 93 percent (Bt)
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 1 to 6 dry or moist
Texture: sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, or silty clay
Clay content: 20 to 44 percent
Sand content: 5 to 35 percent
Redoximorphic features: 0 to 30 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Pratt series.
Pratt soils do not have a lithologic discontinuity (buried paleosol) that has 20 percent or more clay occurring below 100 centimeters (40 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: eolian deposits over a buried alluvial soil
Landform: dunes on paleoterraces
Slopes: 0 to 10 percent
Elevation: 505 to 795 meters (1650 to 2600 feet)
Mean annual air temperature: 13 to 14 degrees C (55 to 58 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 640 to 840 millimeters (25 to 33 inches)
Precipitation pattern: Precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and May and June being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 180 to 200 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Attica, Carway, Naron, and Tivin soils.
Attica soils are on lower sloping dunes and have finer materials in the particle size control section (coarse-loamy).
Carway soils are on interdune areas and have finer materials in the particle size control section (fine-loamy) and have a perched water table.
Naron soils are on lower sloping dunes and have finer materials in the particle size control section (fine-loamy).
Tivin soils are on higher sloping dunes and do not have an increase of clay (argillic horizon) or lamellae in the subsoil.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Well drained
Runoff: very low or low.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: High in the upper part and Moderately High in the lower part
Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part of the profile and typically moderately slow in the lower part. The lower part of the profile has slow or moderate permeability in some pedons.

USE AND VEGETATION: Gentler slopes are usually cultivated; grain sorghum is the principal crop with lesser acreage of wheat and alfalfa. Steeper slopes are in native range. Native vegetation is dominated by sand bluestem, indiangrass, and little bluestem.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. LRR H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range, MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reno County, Kansas

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches). (Ap)
argillic horizon: The zone from 20 to 71 centimeters (8 to 28 inches). (E & Bt)
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Twelfth Edition, 2014

ADDITIONAL DATA: This soil was formerly mapped as Pratt

LRR=H
DATE: 01/25/95
01/05/95 RMM, JCW. Review draft of Turon series using pedon # 93KS155266.
01/25/95 RMM. Revised as per most of your comments.
02/16/95 PRF. Series has passed state office review and is forwarded to NSSC for name reservation.
04/07/95 PRF. Edited the associated soils section to replace the Carwile series with Carbika, Carway and Warnut. Changed mottles to redox features.
06/30/99 PRF. Edited OSD to establish series and removed tentative from the Geographically Associated Soils section.
12/23/99 PRF: established series per Reno County final correlation

6/2013: JGA Updated format to meet current MO5 standards, added sand and clay content in the range of characteristics, updated geographic settings to have consistency with other soils in the MLRA, updated geographically associated soils, changed permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity

07/2020 BKN Updated Typical Pedon to include site information. Updated SSRO Responsible and Keys to Soil Taxonomy Edition.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.