LOCATION UMAPINE                 WA+OR

Established Series
Rev. JJR/RJE/RWL
09/2019

UMAPINE SERIES


Landscape--valleys
Landform--flood plains
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Parent material--alluvium derived from loess
Mean annual precipitation--about 230 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 11 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained
Soil moisture regime--aquic
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Halaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Umapine silt loam in an area of grassland

Akn--0 to 23 cm; silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak thick platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; vesicular pores; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); abrupt smooth boundary

Bkn1--23 to 48 cm; silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); gradual wavy boundary

Bkn2--48 to 71 cm; silt loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; few faint redoximorphic concentrations; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); gradual wavy boundary

Bkn3--71 to 104 cm; silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/1) dry, gray (10YR 5/1) moist; few faint redoximorphic concentrations; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; many fine tubular pores; lime disseminated and segregated in fine soft masses and threads; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear wavy boundary

C--104 to 150 cm; silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; few faint redoximorphic concentrations; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few roots; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6)

TYPE LOCATION: Adams County, Washington; about 180 m north and 160 m east of the W1/4 corner of section 6, T. 15 N., R. 28 E., Willamette Meridian

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Moisture control section--saturated within a depth of 100 cm of surface at some time in most years from November to June
Mean annual soil temperature--9 to 13 degrees C
Reaction of upper 100 cm--8.5 to 9.0 or higher
Content of exchangeable sodium--more than 15 percent in upper 50 cm, decreases as depth increases

Akn horizon
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma--1 to 3 moist or dry
Thickness--13 to 51 cm

Bkn horizon
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5 moist, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma--1 or 2 moist or dry
Depth to redoximorphic concentrations in some pedons--within a depth of 50 cm
Texture--silt loam, very fine sandy loam
Reaction--8.5 to 9.0 or higher
Combined thickness--15 to 117 cm

C horizon
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y
Value--3 or 4 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma--1 to 3 moist or dry
Reaction--7.4 to 9.0 or higher

COMPETING SERIES:
Janise--sodium adsorption ratio of more than 15 below a depth of 100 cm
Sinloc--stratified silt loam to fine sandy loam in particle-size control section
Stanflow--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a cemented layer

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--75 to 1075 m
Mean annual precipitation--150 to 310 mm
Climate--arid, semiarid; warm, dry summers; cool, moist winters
Mean January air temperature--about -2 degrees C
Mean July air temperature--about 21 degrees C
Mean annual air temperature--about 7 to 12 degrees C
Frost-free season--110 to 195 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Burke--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a duripan; on uplands
Powder--mollic epipedon; low exchangeable sodium content; on alluvial fans and bottomlands
Shano--low sodium content; aridic soil moisture regime; on terraces, hills, and plateaus
Stanfield--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a duripan; on terraces

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high
Frequency of flooding--frequent to rare in January through April

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--dominantly native livestock grazing; some areas are drained and used for irrigated crop production
Native vegetation--greasewood, big sagebrush, inland saltgrass, basin wildrye, other halophytic plants

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and southeastern Washington and eastern Oregon; MLRAs 7 and 8; moderate extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Baker Area, Oregon; 1941

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Ochric epipedon
*Exchangeable sodium content--more than 15 percent in upper 50 cm, decreases with depth
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 100 cm


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.