LOCATION URNE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Dystric Eutrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Urne fine sandy loam (from an area of Urne-Council complex) - on a convex southeast facing 26 percent slope in a wooded area at an elevation of about 1170 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; common very fine to coarse roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
Bw1--2 to 7 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine to medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--7 to 28 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; some dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) grains of glauconite; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw3--28 to 36 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), fine sandy loam; weak, medium subangular blocky structure; friable; some dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) grains of glauconite; about 14 percent sandstone channers; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons ranges from 12 to 39 inches.)
Cr--36 to 60 inches; strata of olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) fine-grained glauconitic sandstone with common dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) grains of glauconite; few thin (1/8 inch) yellowish red (5YR 5/6) strata; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Jackson County, Wisconsin; about 2.5 miles north and 0.5 miles west of Taylor; about 700 feet south and 2440 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 29, T. 22 N., R. 6 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the cambic horizon and to the paralithic contact with sandstone ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The upper part of the soil typically has few or no coarse fragments but the volume of sandstone channers ranges from 0 to 35 percent throughout. The mean annual soil temperature at 20 inches ranges from 47 to 52 degrees F.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 to 3. Cultivated pedons have an Ap horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Where moist value is 3, dry value is greater than 5.5 in the Ap. The A or Ap horizon is typically fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam, but in same pedons it is loamy fine sand. Reaction typically ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral, where the soil is limed.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 or 3. It has texture and reaction like the A horizon described above.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y or 5G; value of 3 to 8; and chroma of 2 to 6. It is typically fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam, but in some pedons it is loam or sandy loam and in some it is the channery analogs of these textures. Some pedons have thin subhorizons of loamy sand, sandy clay loam, or loamy fine sand or the channery analogs. Clay content in the particle size control section averages less than 18 percent. Reaction typically ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral in the upper part, where the soil is limed.
Grains of glauconite with hue of 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 0 to 3 (or a color of 5G 4/2 or 5/2) are in the Bw or Cr horizon or both in many pedons. Glauconite grains dominate some strata in some pedons and their color is the matrix color of those strata.
The Cr horizon consists of fine grained glauconitic sandstone.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Herkimer, Lowville, Marshill(T), Pittsfield, Reger(T), Stockbridge, and Walnut(T) series. Herkimer, Lowville, Pittsfield and Stockbridge soils do not have a paralithic contact with sandstone within a depth of 60 inches or more. Marshill soils have a paralithic contact with magmatitic gneiss at a depth of 40 to 60 inches; have magmatitic gneiss gravel in the particle-size control section; and do not have glauconite in the particle-size control section. Reger soils do not have glauconite in the control section and have mean annual soil temperature at 20 inches that ranges from 52 to 59 degrees F. Walnut soils have magmatitic gneiss gravel in the control section and do not have glauconite or sandstone channers in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Urne soils are on hills on bedrock controlled uplands. Slope gradients range from 2 to 65 percent. Urne soils formed in loamy residuum from the underlying fine grained glauconitic sandstone(typically the Tunnel City sandstone that is identified, in part by it's high content of glauconitic minerals) or in loamy slope alluvium and in residuum. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 51 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 135 to 160 days. Elevation ranges from 800 to 1200 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the La Farge, and Norden soils. La Farge soils are nearby in similar landscape positions where there is a 20 to 40 inch thick loess mantle. Norden soils are nearby in similar landscape positions where the soil contains more clay.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is medium to very rapid. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the solum and ranges from slow to moderate in the sandstone.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for woodland or pastureland. Some of the less sloping areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest. Common trees are northern red oak, white oak, black oak, and shagbark hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Mostly in west central and southwestern Wisconsin in MLRA 105. These soils are extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Buffalo County, Wisconsin, 1955.
REMARKS: The small acreage of severely eroded Urne in Pepin County will be correlated to other map units in the MLRA-105 update. The severely eroded SIR (WI0448) will be maintained in the database until then. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 2 inches (A); cambic horizon - 2 to 36 inches (Bw1, Bw2, Bw3); base saturation (by NH4OAc) that is 60 percent or more in some subhorizon between depths of 25 and 75 cm below the soil surface; paralithic contact 36 inches (Cr).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - WI0070