LOCATION VOLNEY IA+ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Volney channery silt loam, on a west-facing slope of 3 percent, on an alluvial fan, in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 18 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) channery silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; about 30 percent limestone channers (about 5 percent - 2 to 5 millimeters, about 5 percent - 5 to 75 millimeters, and about 20 percent - greater than 75 millimeters in diameter); strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
A2--18 to 76 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) very channery silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; about 45 percent limestone channers (about 5 percent - 2 to 5 millimeters, about 10 percent - 5 to 75 millimeters, and about 30 percent - greater than 75 millimeters in diameter); strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 60 to 90 centimeters.)
C--76 to 203 centimeters; mixed very dark brown (10YR 2/2), very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), and brown (10YR 4/3) extremely channery silt loam; massive; friable; about 85 percent limestone channers (about 5 percent - 2 to 5 millimeters, about 25 percent - 5 to 75 millimeters, and about 55 percent - greater than 75 millimeters in diameter); strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, Winneshiek County, Iowa subset; about 5 1/2 miles east of Decorah; located about 1,650 feet south and 2,315 feet west of the northeast corner of section 21, T. 98 N., R. 7 W.; USGS Freeport topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 17 minutes 42 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 40 minutes 24 seconds W.; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--60 to 90 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--0 to 100 centimeters
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--10 to 27 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--10 to 52 percent
Rock fragment content--15 to 90 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--channery loam, very channery loam, channery silt loam, or very channery silt loam
Clay content--10 to 27 percent
Sand content--20 to 40 percent
Rock fragment content--15 to 75 percent
Reaction--neutral to moderately alkaline
C horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 to 4
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--very channery loam, extremely channery loam, very channery silt loam, or extremely channery silt loam
Clay content--10 to 27 percent
Rock fragment content--40 to 90 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Cedargap and
Woolly series.
Cedargap--do not have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Woolly--have a lithic contact within a depth of 150 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy alluvium with limestone and sandstone fragments
Landform--alluvial fans and narrow floodplains
Slope--0 to 14 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 205 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Festina,
Ion,
Lawson, and
Worthen soils.
Festina--are at slightly higher landscape positions on treads and risers of stream terraces, have a rock fragment content of less than 15 percent, have argillic horizons and do not have carbonates within a depth of 178 centimeters
Ion--are at lower landscape positions on floodplains, have a rock fragment content of less than 15 percent, have carbonates within a depth of 50 centimeters, and have a buried soil within a depth of 100 centimeters
Lawson--are at lower landscape positions on floodplains, have a rock fragment content of less than 15 percent, do not have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters, and have a mollic epipedon 60 to 90 centimeters thick
Worthen--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Volney soils, have a rock fragment content of less than 15 percent, and have a cambic horizon
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained-a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--high or very high
Surface runoff potential--negligible to low
Flooding--not flooded to occasionally flooded for very brief or brief duration
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are pastured with widely spaced oak and hickory trees. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Wisconsin driftless section
MLRA--Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
LRR M; northeast Iowa
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Allamakee County, Iowa, 1949.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A2 and C horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (A1, A2, and C horizons)
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 76 centimeters (A1 and A2 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
Refer to DMUid 432,701 in NASIS for soil property data.