LOCATION VONID CO

Established Series
WSH/LCC
07/2012

VONID SERIES

The Vonid series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in eolian deposits. Vonid soils are on interdunes, ridges, interfluves and hills in the Upper Arkansas Valley Rolling Plains MLRA 69. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is 12 inches (300 mm) and the mean annual air temperature is 52 degrees F (11 degrees C).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Calciargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Vonid loamy sand, one percent slope in rangeland at an elevation of 5,263 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak coarse granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine roots; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)

Bt1--15 to 36 cm (6 to 14 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--36 to 58 cm (14 to 23 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; very few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary.

Bt3--58 to 86 cm (23 to 34 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; very few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. (combined thickness of Bt horizons: 8 to 30 inches thick)

Bk1--86 to 132 cm (34 to 52 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; very few fine roots; 15 percent medium distinct masses of calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; 10 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 18 inches thick)

Bk2--132 to 200 cm (52 to 79 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 1 percent fine distinct masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; 3 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Colorado; approximately 39 miles south and 29 miles west of Hugo; 1,350 feet east and 50 feet north of the southwest corner of Sec. 16, T. 17 S., R. 59 W.; USGS Truckton SE, CO quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees, 34 minutes, 47 seconds N. and longitude 104 degrees, 2 minutes, 14 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture control section: Moist in some or all parts in May and June, and intermittently moist July through September. Driest December through February.
Mean annual soil temperature: 49 to 54 degrees F (9 to 12 degrees C).
Thickness of the Argillic: 20 to 76 cm (8 to 30 inches).
Depth to Calcic horizon: 25 to 91 cm (10 to 36 inches).

Particle size control section: (Weighted average)
Clay content: 10 to 18 percent
Sand content: 52 to 80 percent, with more than 35 percent fine sand or coarser.

A horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 through 4
Texture: sandy loam or loamy sand
Clay content: 4 to 15 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

Bt horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam
Clay content: 8 to 20 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

Bk horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 through 6
Texture: sandy loam, , fine sandy loam, loamy sand
Clay content: 2 to 15 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent fine gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 3 to 15 percent
Visible secondary carbonates: are 5 percent or greater in the upper Bk horizons and 1 percent or greater in the lower Bk horizons.
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C horizon (present in some pedons)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 moist
Chroma: 3 through 6
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy sand
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Khapo (NM), Marjane (AZ), Palma (NM), and Windwhistle (UT) series.
Khapo soils are well drained, have 30 to 50 percent sand in the control section, 1 to 5 percent volcanic glass.
Marjane and Windwhistle soils: have a lithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches (50 to 100 cm).
Palma soils: have soil moisture control section that is dry in May and June. It has hues that are dominantly 5YR.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: plains
Landform: interdunes, ridges, interfluves and hills
Slopes: 0 to 15 percent
Parent material: eolian deposits
Mean annual precipitation: 279 to 356 mm (10 to 14 inches).
Highest moisture period: April through September peaking in July and August. Driest: December through February.
Mean annual temperature: 8.3 to 12 degrees C. (47 to 54 degrees F.)
Mean summer temperature: 20 to 25 degrees C. (68 to 74 degrees F.)
Frost free period: 130 to 175 days
Elevation ranges from 1220 to 1980 meters (4,000 to 6,500 feet.)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Olney and Valent soils. Olney soils have a fine-loamy control section and occur on lesser sloping interfluves and footslopes of hills. Valent soils have a sandy control section, lack an argillic horizon, and occur on the summits and shoulders of dunes, ridges, and hills.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained; high hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used as rangeland and nonirrigated cropland. Native vegetation is mainly blue grama, little bluestem, needleandthread, prairie sandreed, sand dropseed, and sideoats grama. It is in the Sandy ecological site.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Colorado; LRR G, MLRA 69. This series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Colorado, 1996.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 15 to 65 cm, 6 to 26 inches. (Bt1, Bt2 and part of the Bt3 horizons)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 15 cm, 0 to 6 inches. (A horizon)
Argillic horizon: 15 to 86 cm, 6 to 34 inches. (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizons)
Calcic horizon: 86 to 132 cm, 34 to 52 inches. (Bk1)

The Vonid series replaces Vona in Ustic-Aridic moisture regime. The Vona series was reclassified from Ustic Haplargids to Aridic Haplustalfs. The name Vonid is coined from Vona.

ADDITIONAL DATA: This site is characterized by NSSL pedon no. 90P0038, User Pedon ID 89CO073012

6/2012 LAN Updated format, competing series and range of characteristics of properties for all horizons. Changes in ranges are based on field experience in MLRA 69 during update projects and field investigations.

Keys to Soil Taxonomy used: Eleventh Edition, 2010

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.