LOCATION WAKO IDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Xeric Argidurids
TYPICAL PEDON: Wako loamy fine sand--on a south facing slope of 3 percent in irrigated cropland. When described on June 19, 1985, the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; single grain; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. (2 to 9 inches thick)
E--8 to 12 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy fine sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, few fine and medium roots; many very fine, fine and medium irregular and tubular pores; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 5 percent cobbles; common faint clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick)
Bt2--19 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 3 percent pebbles; common distinct clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
Bkq--25 to 31 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; 3 percent pebbles; 10 percent strongly cemented nodules; lime and silica coats on undersides of coarse fragments; violent effervescence (30 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 18 inches thick)
2Bkqm--31 to 43 inches; white (10YR 8/2) indurated duripan; several continuous laminar caps less than 1 mm thick and 1 to 2 inches apart beginning at 31 inches; violent effervescence; abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 27 inches thick)
3R--43 inches; lime and silica coated basalt.
TYPE LOCATION: Gooding County, Idaho; 1800 feet west and 300 feet north of the southeast corner of section 19, T. 8 S., R. 19 E.; Lat. 42 degrees N., 42 min., 37 seconds; Long. 114 degrees W., 37 min., 42 seconds.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Average annual soil temperature - 50 to 53 degrees F.
Depth to carbonates - 14 to 36 inches
Depth to duripan - 24 to 40 inches
Depth to bedrock - 40 to 60 inches
Clay (control section) - 22 to 32 percent
A horizon
Value - 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 2 or 3 dry or moist
E horizon
Value - 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma - 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture - LFS, FSL, FS
Bt horizon
Value - 5 or 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture - SCL, CL, or L
Coarse fragments - 0 to 10 percent
Sodium absorption ratio - 2 to 6
Electrical conductivity - 2 to 4 mmhos/cm
Reaction - neutral to slightly alkaline
Bkq horizon
Value - 5 through 8 dry, 4 through 7 moist
Chroma - 2 through 4 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Texture - L, CL, SCL, SL, FSL, or CB-L
Coarse fragments - 0 to 35 percent
Lime and silica cemented nodules - 5 to 30 percent
Sodium absorption ratio - 2 to 6
Electrical conductivity - 4 to 8 mmhos/cm
Calcium carbonate content - 15 to 40 percent
Reaction - slightly or moderately alkaline
Bkqm horizon
Thickness of laminar caps - .5 to 5mm
Distance between laminar caps - 1 to 3 inches
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Arbidge, Dacker, Deerlodge, Ditchcamp, Drysel (T), Excel, Hager, Idow (T), Lembos, Ochoco, Rakane (T), Snowmore, Wellsed, and Wendell (T) series. Arbidge and Ochoco soils have duripans less than 10 inches thick. Dacker soils have silty clay loam argillic horizons and lack an E horizon. Debab soils contain 10 to 30 percent rock fragments in the Bt horizon and lack E horizons. Deerlodge and Excel soils have hues redder than 10YR in the argillic horizon and lack E horizons. Ditchcamp, Snowmore, and Wendell soils are less than 40 inches to bedrock. Drysel soils lack bedrock below the duripan at 40 to 60 inches and lack E horizons. Hager soils lack a calcic horizon. Idow soils lack E horizons. Lembos soils are calcareous in the argillic horizon. Rakane soils lack a calcareous layer with cemented nodules directly above the duripan. Wellsed soils are strongly or very strongly alkaline in the layer between the argillic horizon and the duripan and lack E horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wako soils are on basalt plains and buttes. These soils formed in eolian material that has been reworked by water. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevation is 3,200 to 4,000 feet. The average annual precipitation is 9 to 11 inches. The average annual temperature is 48 to 51 degrees F. and the frost free period is 100 to 120 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Harsan, Jestrick, Kecko, Quincy, Taunton, and Wendell soils. Harsan soils have a duripan below 40 inches. Jestrick and Wendell soils have bedrock above 40 inches. Kecko and Quincy soils do not have duripans. Taunton soils do not have argillic horizons. All these soils are on the same land form as Wako soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; runoff is slow to moderate; permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Wako soils are used for rangeland and irrigated crops. Native vegetation is basin big sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, thurber needlegrass, needleandthread, and bluebunch wheatgrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Wako soils are of small extent in southcentral Idaho.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Gooding County, Idaho, 1993.
REMARKS: This revision moves the type location within Gooding County. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the soil surface to 8 inches (A horizon)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 12 to 25 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Calcic horizon - the zone from 25 to 31 inches (Bqk horizons)
Duripan - the zone from 43 inches (Bqkm horizon)