LOCATION WAKSHUM WA
Established Series
Rev. PNP/KDPL/SBC
09/2019
WAKSHUM SERIES
Landscape--mountains, plateaus
Landform--mountain slopes, ridges, structural benches
Slope--0 to 60 percent
Parent material--mixed volcanic ash, colluvium and residuum derived from basalt
Mean annual precipitation--about 840 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 4 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--cryic
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy over loamy-skeletal, mixed over isotic Humic Xeric Vitricryands
TYPICAL PEDON: Wakshum ashy very fine sandy loam in an area of rangeland, on a 6-percent, southwest-facing slope at an elevation of 1575 m (All textures are apparent field textures.)
A1--0 to 18 cm; ashy very fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and fine and common medium roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0), NaF pH 9.8; clear smooth boundary
A2--18 to 30 cm; ashy very fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine and medium granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and fine and common medium roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0), NaF pH 9.8; gradual smooth boundary
Bw--30 to 61 cm; ashy very fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine and medium granular; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; few fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 10 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0), NaF pH 9.8; gradual smooth boundary
2Bt1--61 to 79 cm; very gravelly fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; few fine and medium roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds; 45 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary
2Bt2--79 to 130 cm; extremely gravelly loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) dry, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; few fine and medium roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; many moderately thick clay films on faces of peds; 70 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary
2BCt--130 to 157 cm; gravelly silty clay loam, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) dry, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common fine and medium irregular pores; many moderately thick clay films on faces of peds; 15 percent gravel and 25 percent paragravel; moderately acid (pH 5.6)
TYPE LOCATION: Yakama Nation, Klickitat County, Washington, in the Potato Butte area; about 670 m north and 90 m east of the southwest corner of section 12, T. 6 N., R. 15 E.; latitude 46.0180561, longitude -120.8830576, datum WGS 84 (coordinates estimated from section, township, and range)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm--4 to 7 degrees C
Moisture control section--usually moist, but dry in all parts 70 to 90 consecutive days following summer solstice
Thickness of umbric epipedon--25 to 65 cm
Volcanic ash mantle
*Thickness--36 to 65 cm
*Moist bulk density--0.75 to 0.90 g/cm3
*Glass content--5 to 30 percent
*Acid oxalate aluminum plus one-half iron--2 to 3 percent
*15-bar water retention--5 to 10 percent (air-dried samples)
A horizon
Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
Value--3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma--2 to 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Texture--ashy very fine sandy loam, gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, gravelly ashy very fine sandy loam, cobbly ashy loamy sand
Rock fragment content--5 to 20 percent
Combined thickness--20 to 36 cm
Bw horizon
Value--4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Texture--ashy very fine sandy loam, ashy gravelly very fine sandy loam, ashy very gravelly fine sandy loam
Rock fragment content--10 to 35 percent
Reaction--5.6 to 6.5
Thickness--25 to 43 cm
2Bt horizon
Hue--5YR to 10YR
Value--3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma--2 to 4 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Texture--very gravelly fine sandy loam, very gravelly sandy loam, extremely gravelly loam, extremely stony loam
Basalt fragment content--45 to 75 percent
Clay content--15 to 27 percent
Reaction--5.6 to 6.5
Combined thickness--33 to 89 cm
2BC horizon
Hue--5YR to 10YR
Value--3 to 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture--very cobbly loam, very gravelly fine sandy loam, gravelly silty clay loam, extremely gravelly sandy clay loam
Rock fragment content--35 to 65 percent
Pararock fragment content--25 to 60 percent
Reaction--5.1 to 6.0
COMPETING SERIES: None
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--1350 to 1850 m
Climate--cool, moist winters; warm, dry summers
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 6 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 1150 mm
Frost-free season--50 to 80 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Castlerock--on mountain slopes; 35 to 50 percent clay in argillic horizon
Satus--on mountain side slopes; frigid soil temperature regime; no argillic horizon
Puuywala--on structural benches and mountain footslopes, side slopes, and toeslopes; frigid soil temperature regime; nonskeletal; no argillic horizon
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--livestock grazing, wildlife habitat
Native vegetation--Idaho fescue, western needlegrass, rabbitbrush, scattered lodgepole pine and subalpine fir
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East slopes of Cascade Mountains, in south-central Washington; MLRA 6; small extent
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yakama Nation, Klickitat County, Washington; 2014
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Umbric epipedon--zone from the surface to a depth of 61 cm
*Andic soil properties--zone from the surface to a depth of 61 cm
*Argillic horizon--zone from 61 to 157 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from the surface to a depth of 100 cm
Wakshum is the Yakama name for Simcoe Mountain. The type location for this series is on Simcoe Mountain. In 2004, the series originally was named the Lakebedder series.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.