LOCATION WALKINSHAW WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Medial-skeletal, ferrihydritic, frigid Lithic Hapludands
TYPICAL PEDON: Walkinshaw extremely gravelly medial sandy loam - forestland, on an 89 percent north-facing slope at an elevation of 2,020 feet in a western hemlock/Oregongrape-western swordfern plant association. (When described on February 23, 1991 the soil was moist throughout. Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated. All textures are apparent field textures.)
Oi--0 to 2 inches; slightly decomposed needles, leaves, and twigs; abrupt wavy boundary. (0.5 to 2 inches thick)
A--2 to 6 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) extremely gravelly medial sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky and weak very fine and fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 40 percent gravel, 30 percent cobbles; very strongly acid (pH 4.6); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick)
Bw--6 to 14 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) extremely gravelly medial sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky and weak very fine and fine granular structure; weakly smeary; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 40 percent gravel, 35 percent cobbles; very strongly acid (pH 4.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
R--14 inches; marine basalt.
TYPE LOCATION: Mason County, Washington; about 2 miles north of Brown Creek Campground, about 1,320 feet west and 2,140 feet south of the northeast corner of section 33, T. 23 N., R. 5 W. (Latitude 47 degrees, 26 minutes, 30 seconds N., Longitude 123 degrees, 19 minutes, 07 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Mean annual soil temperature at the lithic contact is 43 to 47 degrees F. These soils are usually moist but are dry in the soil moisture control section 0 to 30 consecutive days during summer; udic moisture regime. Depth to bedrock is 10 to 20 inches. The particle-size control section from the mineral soil surface to the bedrock contact has andic soil properties with estimated moist bulk density of 0.50 to 0.90 g/cc, acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half of the acid-oxalate extractable iron of 2 to 4 percent, phosphate retention of 85 to 100 percent, 15-bar water retention of 15 to 30 percent for air-dried samples, acid oxalate iron is 1.5 to 3.0 percent, and 60 to 90 percent rock fragments by volume. It has 2 to 5 cmol/kg of aluminum.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 through 6 dry, and chroma of 3 or 4 moist and 3, 4, or 6 dry. It has 5 to 15 percent organic matter.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4 moist, and chroma of 4 or 6 dry. It is extremely cobbly medial sandy loam, extremely cobbly medial loam, or extremely gravelly medial sandy loam. It has 1 to 7 percent organic matter.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Quinault, Romanose, Station, and Waketickeh series. Quinault soils have a perudic moisture regime. Romanose soils have umbric epipedon. Station and Waketickeh soils have less than 2 cmol/kg of aluminum (non-alic).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Walkinshaw soils are on mid-slopes of mountains. Slopes are 60 to 100 percent. The soils formed in colluvium from marine basalt and associated volcanic rocks. Elevations are 1,650 to 2,700 feet. Average annual precipitation is 70 to 150 inches. Average annual temperature is 41 to 45 degrees F. Frost-free season is 140 to 170 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Duckabush, Fricaba, Hammahamma, Hoodcanal, McGravey, Sawpeak, and the competing Waketickeh soils. Duckabush and McGravey soils are on mountain slopes and are very deep. Fricaba and Sawpeak soils are on mountain slopes and are moderately deep to bedrock. Hammahamma and Hoodcanal soils are on glaciated mountain slopes and glacial valleys and are moderately deep to a cemented layer.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Wildlife habitat, recreation, and watershed. Native vegetation is western hemlock, Douglas-fir, red huckleberry, salal, western swordfern. Oregon-grape, and common beargrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Mason and Jefferson Counties, Washington; MLRA 1. Series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mason County, Washington, 2000; Olympic National Forest.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are an ochric epipedon, a cambic horizon from 6 to 14 inches, andic soil properties from 2 to 14 inches, and a lithic contact at 14 inches. The particle-size control section is from 2 to 14 inches (A and Bw horizons). The series meets the aluminum requirements for alic subgroup.
All depths to diagnostic horizons or other features are measured from the top of the first mineral horizon.