LOCATION WALLER TX+LA
Established Series
JKW-RM
08/2018
WALLER SERIES
The Waller series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils. These nearly level soils formed in loamy fluviomarine deposits of the Lissie Formation of Pleistocene age. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent, but are mainly less than 0.5 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 20 degrees C (68 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1351 mm (53 in).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Glossaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Waller silt loam-in an area of Waller-Dallardsville complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes-forest (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated).
A--0 to 9 cm, (0 to 4 in); dark gray (10YR 4/1), silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable, soft; many very fine and fine roots and common medium and coarse roots; common fine and medium interstitial and common coarse interstitial pores; 2 percent fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron lining pores with clear boundaries; 1 percent fine prominent black (N 2.5/ ) manganese masses on faces of peds with sharp boundaries; 18 percent of the horizon is crayfish krotovinas; krotovinas filled with gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very fine sand; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 23 cm [4 to 9 in] thick)
E1--9 to 22 cm, (4 to 9 in); gray (10YR 5/1), silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; very friable, soft; common very fine and fine roots and common medium roots; common fine interstitial and common very fine interstitial pores; 12 percent fine prominent pink (7.5YR 7/3) masses of oxidized iron on faces of peds with clear boundaries; 4 percent fine prominent black (N 2.5/ ) manganese masses on faces of peds with sharp boundaries; 4 percent fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron lining pores with diffuse boundaries; 14 percent of the horizon is crayfish krotovinas; krotovinas filled with gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very fine sand; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the E horizons is (25 to 81 cm [10 to 32 in])
E2--22 to 37 cm, (9 to 15 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and 25 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; very friable, soft; common very fine and fine roots and common medium roots; common fine interstitial and common very fine interstitial pores; 14 percent fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with diffuse boundaries; 6 percent fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron lining pores with clear boundaries; 2 percent fine prominent black (N 2.5/ ) manganese masses on faces of peds with sharp boundaries; 8 percent of the horizon is crayfish krotovinas; krotovinas filled with gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam and light gray (10YR 7/2) very fine sand; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
E/Bt--37 to 65 cm, (15 to 26 in); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and 25 percent gray (10YR 6/1), silt loam; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; friable, slightly hard; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 3 percent faint gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; 16 percent fine and medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with diffuse boundaries; 4 percent fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron lining pores with clear boundaries; 3 percent fine prominent black (N 2.5/ ) manganese masses on faces of peds with sharp boundaries; 11 percent of the horizon is crayfish krotovinas; krotovinas filled with gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam and light gray (10YR 7/2) very fine sand; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 67 cm [0 to 26 in] thick)
Bt/E1--65 to 94 cm, (26 to 37 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and 20 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm, hard; common very fine and fine roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; 20 percent by volume albic tongues; 15 percent faint gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on faces of peds; 18 percent fine faint light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with clear boundaries; 14 percent fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with diffuse boundaries; 6 percent fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron lining pores with clear boundaries; 2 percent fine prominent black (N 2.5/ ) manganese masses on faces of peds with sharp boundaries; 5 percent of the horizon is crayfish krotovinas; krotovinas filled with gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam and pink (7.5YR 7/3) very fine sand; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt/E horizons is 23 to 105 cm [9 to 41 in])
Bt/E2--94 to 126 cm, (37 to 50 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and 15 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, hard; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 15 percent by volume albic tongues; 20 percent faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; 17 percent fine and medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with sharp boundaries; 11 percent medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with clear boundaries; 10 percent medium and coarse prominent gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions in matrix with clear boundaries; 3 percent medium spherical red (2.5YR 5/6) ironstone nodules; 2 percent medium spherical red (10R 5/6) plinthite nodules; red (2.5YR 4/6) redox concentrations are brittle but plinthite; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg/E1--126 to 165 (50 to 65 in); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm, hard; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 15 percent by volume albic tongues; 10 percent faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay films on faces of peds; 14 percent fine and medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with sharp boundaries; 7 percent fine and medium prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/1) iron depletions in matrix with clear boundaries; 7 percent fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with clear boundaries; 6 percent fine and medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with sharp boundaries; 2 percent medium red (10R 4/6) plinthite nodules; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redox concentrations are brittle but plinthite; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btg/E horizons is 33 to 96 cm [13 to 38 in])
Btg/E2--165 to 203 (65 to 80 in); light gray (2.5Y 7/2), sandy clay loam; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm, hard; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 15 percent by volume albic tongues; 8 percent faint light gray (5Y 7/1) clay films on faces of peds; 23 percent fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with clear boundaries; 10 percent fine prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix with sharp boundaries; 8 percent medium and coarse prominent light gray (5Y 7/1) iron depletions on faces of peds with diffuse boundaries; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Tyler County, Texas; from the intersection of Farm Road 92 and Farm Road 1943 in Fred,2.2 miles south on Farm Road 92 to county road, 1.3 miles west on county road to forest road, 0.1 mile north and 0.6 mile northeast on forest road, and 100 feet west of road in forest.
USGS topographic quad: Fred, TX;
Latitude: 30 degrees, 32 minutes, 23.10 seconds N;
Longitude: 94 degrees, 12 minutes, 2.00 seconds W;
Datum: WGS 84
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: aquic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 20.6 to 21.7 degrees C (69 to 71 degrees F)
Thickness of the A and Eg horizons: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Crawfish krotovina: 20 to 40 percent
CEC/clay ratio: 0.40 to 0.50
A Horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5 Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam?
Redox concentrations: amount-0 to 4 percent, shades-brown
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
E Horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5 Y
Value: 6 or 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam?
Redox concentrations: amount-5 to 20 percent, shades-brown or yellow
Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid
E/Bt Horizon
(E part makes up 65 to 85 percent of the horizon and consists of tongues of loam, silt loam or very fine sandy loam that is 2 to 10 cm [1 to 4 in] wide; are spaced about 15 to 20 cm [6 to 8 in] apart)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 or 7
Chroma: 1 or 2.
(Bt part)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Texture: silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam
Redox concentrations: amount- 10 to 30 percent, shades- brown, yellow, or red
Redox depletions: amount-0 to 5 percent, shades-gray, green, or blue
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
Bt/E Horizon
(Btg part)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 6 or 8.
(E part makes up 15 to 35 percent of the horizon and consists of tongues of loam, silt loam or very fine sandy loam that is 2 to 10 cm [1 to 4 in] wide; are spaced about 15 to 20 cm [6 to 8 in] apart; taper to 1 to 5 cm [0.5 to 2 in] with depth
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 or 7
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Texture: silt loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
Redox concentrations: amount- 10 to 30 percent, shades- brown, yellow, or red
Redox depletions: amount-0 to 2 percent, shades-gray, green, or blue
Gypsum: 0 to 3 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
Btg/E Horizon
(Btg part)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2.
(E part makes up 15 to 35 percent of the horizon and consists of tongues of loam, silt loam or very fine sandy loam that is 2 to 10 cm [1 to 4 in] wide; are spaced about 15 to 20 cm [6 to 8 in] apart; taper to 1 to 5 cm [0.5 to 2 in] with depth
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 or 7
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Redox concentrations: amount- 10 to 30 percent, shades- brown, yellow, or red
Redox depletions: amount-0 to 5 percent, shades-gray, green, or blue
Gypsum: 0 to 3 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Colita (TX),
Mollville (TX), and
Vimville (MS) series. Similar soils are the
Caddo,
Caneyhead,
Guyton,
Lelavale,
Mollco, and
Sorter series.
Colita soils: deep to paralithic contact of tuffaceous siltstone or shale
Mollville and
Vimville soils: A and E horizons less than 51 cm (20 in) thick
Caddo,
Caneyhead and
Guyton soils: in a fine-silty family
Lelavale and
Mollco soils: very poorly drained
Sorter soils: coarse-loamy family
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy fluviomarine deposits derived from igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock of the Lissie Formation of Pleistocene age
Landscape: coastal plains
Landform: flats
Slope: 0 to 1 percent but are mainly less than 0.5 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 19.5 to 20.6 degrees C (67 to 69 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1219 to 1473 mm (48 to 58 in)
Elevation: 22.9 to 46 m (75 to 150 ft)
Precipitation Pattern: Precipitation is generally uniform throughout the year with slight peaks in the spring and fall months.
Frost-free period: 240 to 300 days
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 68 to 80
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Dallardsville (TX),
Kirbyville (TX),
Kountze (TX),
Plank (TX),
Segno (TX),
Sorter (TX), and
Splendora (TX) series.
Dallardsville soils: are moderately well drained; on mounds
Kirbyville and
Kountze soils: are moderately well drained; on convex interfluves
Plank soils: are coarse-silty; on a similar landform
Segno soils: are well drained; on interfluves
Sorter soils: are coarse-loamy; on a similar landform
Splendora soils: are somewhat poorly drained; on interfluves
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: Poorly.
Permeability class: slow.
Runoff: high on slopes of 0 to less than 1 percent.
Wetness: soil remains saturated throughout from December to April in normal years due to a high water table.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in forest. A few areas have been cleared for pasture. Timber is mostly a mix of hardwoods and pine. Hardwoods include water and willow oak, sweetgum, and persimmon. Pine species include loblolly and slash.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeast Texas; Land Resource Region T; MLRA 152B (Western Gulf Coast Flatwoods); the series is of moderate extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Waller County, Texas; 1948.
REMARKS: Based on Lincoln Soil Survey Laboratory Data of closely associated soils, the mineralogy class was changed from mixed to siliceous. See Dr. Grossman's memo dated September 14, 1972, SOILS - Harris County, Texas, in reference to the Hockley and Wockley series. Study and Thesis by M. Vepraskas (TAMU) shows E horizon is slowly permeable. The Lelavale series was established in 1998 in Hardin County, Texas to separate the very poorly drained Waller, depressional unit from the Waller series.
Diagnostic horizons and features for this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 86 cm (0 to 34 in) (A and Eg horizon)
Argillic horizon: 86 to 203 cm (34 to 80 in) (Btg/Eg horizon)
Glossic horizon: 86 to 203 cm (34 to 80 in) (Btg/Eg horizon)
Aquic moisture regime: these soils have aquic conditions from December to April in normal years.
ADDITIONAL DATA: TAMU Data from the Tyler County, Texas taxonomic unit location on pedon S00TX-457-004. KSSL data from Montgomery County, Texas on pedon S12TX3391033 (lab pedon number 12N8327)
TAXONOMIC Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.