LOCATION WAPSHILLA IDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Umbric Haplocryalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Wapshilla loam, woodlands (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
0i--0 to 0.5 inch; slightly decomposed organic material, slightly acid (pH 6.4).
Oa--0.5 to 1 inch; well decomposed organic material; slightly acid (pH 6.4).
A--1 to 5 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and very fine granular structure; slightly hard very friable slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; 5 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 16 inches thick)
BA--5 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate fine and very fine structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; 5 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 16 inches thick)
Bt1--15 to 23 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few faint clay films; common fine roots; 20 percent pebbles and 10 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 20 inches thick)
Bt2--23 to 37 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common distinct clay films; few fine and medium roots; 30 percent pebbles and 10 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 16 inches thick)
Bt3--37 to 51 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common faint clay films; few medium roots; 50 percent pebbles and 10 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 35 inches thick)
BC--51 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; 50 percent pebbles and 10 cobbles; neutral (pH 6.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Idaho County, Idaho; about 20 miles south and 1,726 feet west of the northwest corner of sec. 35, T.21 N., R.1E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Average annual soil temperature - 43 to 47 degrees F.
Average summer soil temperature without an 0 horizon - 55 to 59 degrees F.
Depth to bedrock - more than 60 inches
Solum thickness - more than 30 inches
Rock fragments in the control section - Average 35 to 60 percent
Soil moisture - usually moist
Base saturation - less than 60 percent in some subhorizon of the argillic
Reaction - neutral to moderately acid
A horizon
Value - 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma - 2 through 4, moist chroma of 4 within 8 inches of surface
Bt horizon
Hue - 5YR through 10YR
Value - 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 3 through 6 moist or dry
Clay content - 10 to 35 percent
Sand content - 20 to 60 percent
Rock fragments - 30 to 60 percent
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wapshilla soils are on high plateaus, mountains, and high north-facing canyon walls, and have gradients of 8 to 90 percent. They formed in loess mixed with basalt colluvium. Elevations are 3,500 to 5,000 feet. The climate is humid with snowy winter and moderately warm dry summers. Average annual precipitation is 26 to 28 inches. Average January temperature is 24 degrees F.; average July temperature is 65 degrees F. Average annual temperature is 41 degrees to 45 degrees F. Frost-free season is about 60 to 80 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brody, Klickson, Telcher, Culdesac, Cramont and Zaza soils. Brody and Culdesac soils have Bw horizons and much volcanic ash in the surface layers. Klickson soils are Mollic. Telcher soil have less than 35 percent rock fragments in the subsoil. Cramont soils have fine textured argillic horizons with few rock fragments. Zaza soils have bedrock at a depth of less than 20 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well-drained; rapid and very rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for woodland. Some areas are being grazed. Vegetation is mainly grand fir, Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, western larch and a wide assortment of small forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Idaho. Series is inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Idaho County, Idaho, 1976.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 15 inches (A and BA horizon)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 15 to 51 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizons)
Control section - upper 20 inches of the argillic, the zone from 15 to 35 inches (Bt1 and part of Bt2 horizons).