LOCATION WARWOOD MTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Eutric Glossocryalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Warwood loam, forested (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
Oi--0 to 3 inches; forest litter of slightly decomposed needles, twigs, and leaves.
A--3 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots, and few medium and coarse roots; many fine and very fine tubular pores; 10 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
E--7 to 13 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and many very fine roots, and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine tubular pores; 10 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
E/Bt--13 to 18 inches; E part (80 percent) is light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist tongues; Bt part (20 percent) is grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many very fine and common tubular pores; common faint clay films in pores and bridging sand grains of Bt part; 5 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
Bt/E--18 to 23 inches; Bt part (60 percent) is grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; E part (40 percent) is light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist tongues; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many very fine and common fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films on ped faces and in pores of Bt part; 5 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches)
Bt1--23 to 48 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 36 inches thick)
Bt2--48 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium prismatic structure; very hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0).
TYPE LOCATION: Hill County, Montana; 1,800 feet west and 1,100 feet south of the NE corner of sec. 22, T. 28 N., R. 16 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature - 40 to 44 degrees F.
Moisture control section - between 4 and 12 inches.
Depth to the argillic horizon - 4 to 24 inches.
A horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4, 5 or 6 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Clay content: 20 to 27 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent--5 to 10 percent pebbles, 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 6.5
Some pedons do not have an A horizon.
E horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 15 to 27 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent--5 to 15 percent pebbles, 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 6.5
E/Bt horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: E part 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist; Bt part 4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam (mixed)
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent--5 to 15 percent pebbles, 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 6.5
Bt/E horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: Bt part 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist; E part 5 or 6 dry; E part 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy clay loam or clay loam (mixed)
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent--5 to 15 percent pebbles, 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 6.5
Bt1 horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 25 percent--5 to 20 percent pebbles, 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 6.1 to 7.3
Bt2 horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: clay loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 25 percent--5 to 20 percent pebbles, 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 6.1 to 7.3
Some pedons have a BC horizon.
COMPETING SERIES:
There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - mountains.
Elevation - 4,400 to 7,500 feet.
Slopes - 15 to 45 percent.
Parent material - alluvium, colluvium, and residuum mainly from igneous rocks.
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers.
Mean annual precipitation - 19 to 28 inches.
Mean annual air temperature - 38 to 42 degrees F.
Frost-free period - 50 to 70 days.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Warwood soils are used mainly for woodland and understory grazing. The potential native vegetation is Douglas fir, lodgepole pine, pinegrass, dwarf huckleberry, rose, white spirea, bunchberry dogwood, twinflower, western meadowrue, and kinnikinnick.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Warwood soils are of small extent in the Highwood and Bearpaw Mountains in central and north-central Montana.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hill County, Montana, 1994.
REMARKS: Soil interpretation record: MT1310. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: an ochric epipedon from 3 to 18 inches (A, E, E/Bt horizons); a glossic horizon from 13 to 23 inches (E/Bt, Bt/E horizons); an argillic horizon from 18 to 60 inches (Bt/E, Bt1, Bt2 horizons); a particle-size control section in the upper 20 inches of the argillic horizon (Bt/E, Bt1 horizon). Warwood soils have a cryic temperature regime and a udic moisture regime bordering on ustic.