LOCATION WATE                    NC

Established Series
RHR-RJL/Rev. JAK
07/2011

WATE SERIES

MLRA(s): 136-Southern Piedmont (mesic part)
MO Responsible: Raleigh, North Carolina
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class: Somewhat poorly drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Shallow, common, thick
Flooding Frequency and Duration: Very rare, rare, or occasional; for very brief periods
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible or low
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately high or moderately low (Permeability: Moderately slow or slow)
Shrink-Swell Potential: Moderate
Landscape: Piedmont
Landform: Stream terrace
Geomorphic Component: Riser, tread
Hillslope Profile Position: None
Parent Material: Clayey alluvium (weathered from felsic crystalline rock)
Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Elevation (type location): Unknown
Frost Free Period (type location): 190 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 56 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 46 inches

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Aeric Endoaquults

TYPICAL PEDON: Wate loam in an area of Banister-Wate complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes, rarely flooded. (Colors are for moist soil.)

Ap--0 to 10 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) sandy loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 4 to 12 inches.)

Bt--10 to 16 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many continuous distinct clay films on all faces of peds; common peominent irregular olive yellow (2.5Y 6/8) masses of oxidized iron and common distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/1) iron depletions; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg1--16 to 28 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/1) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm, moderately sticky, very plastic; many continuous distinct clay films on all faces of peds; common prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and many prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) masses of oxidized iron; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2--28 to 35 inches; light bluish gray (5PB 7/1) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm, moderately sticky, very plastic; common continuous distinct clay films on all faces of peds; common prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of oxidized iron; common very dark gray masses of oxidizied manganese; common light gray (N 7/0) clay depletions; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg3--35 to 47 inches; bluish gray (5PB 6/1) clay; moderate medium wedge structure; extremely firm, very sticky, very plastic; common continuous distinct slickensides on vertical faces of peds and common continuous distinct clay films on surfaces along pores; common prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg4--47 to 63 inches; gray (N 6/0) clay; moderate medium wedge structure; extremely firm, moderately sticky, very plastic; common continuous distinct slickensides on vertical faces of peds and many continuous distinct clay films on surfaces along pores; common prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses of oxidized iron; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 15 to 30 inches or more.)

Btg5--63 to 80 inches; bluish gray (5PB 6/1) clay; moderate coarse wedge structure; extremely firm, very sticky, very plastic; many continuous distinct slickensides on vertical faces of peds and common discontinuous distinct clay films on surfaces along pores; common prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; slightly alkaline. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 15 to 40 inches or more.)

TYPE LOCATION: Iredell County, North Carolina.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of Argillic horizon: 5 to 15 inches
Depth to base of Argillic horizon: 30 to 50 inches or more
Depth to top of Seasonal High Water Table: 12 to 18 inches (1.0 to 1.5 feet)
Depth to base of Seasonal High Water Table: Greater than 80 inches
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 80 inches
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 15 percent, by volume, in the A and B horizon and 0 to 50 percent in the C horizon; mostly rounded quartzite gravel
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid, unless limed
Mica Content: 0 to 20 percent mica flakes in the B and C horizons, commonly increasing with depth

Range of Individual Horizons:
A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, value of 2 to 5, chroma of 2 or 3, or is neutral, with value of 3 to 5
Texture--loam, silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand.

E horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4
Texture--loam, silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand

Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture--clay, clay loam, and less commonly sandy clay loam, sandy clay or silty clay
Redoximorphic features--iron masses in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, olive, or white

Btg horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 7
Texture--clay, clay loam, and less commonly sandy clay or silty clay
Redoximorphic Features--iron masses in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, olive, or white

BCtg or CBg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay, silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic features--iron masses in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, olive, or white

Cg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2, or neutral,
Texture (fine-earth fraction) variable
Redoximorphic features--iron masses in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, olive, green, or white

COMPETING SERIES:
Tygart soils--formed in materials washed from sedimentary rocks

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Southern Piedmont (mesic part)
Landform: Stream terrace
Geomorphic Component: Riser, tread
Hillslope Profile Position: None
Parent Material: Clayey alluvium (weathered from felsic crystalline rock)
Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Elevation (type location): 300 to 1600 feet
Frost Free Period (type location): 175 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 52 to 57 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation: 40 to 55 inches

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Banister soils--moderately well drained soils (seasonal high water table 18 to 30 inches); on slightly higher landscapes
Hatboro soils--poorly drained soils; on lower landforms
Codorus soils--somewhat poorly drained soils in a fine-loamy particle-size class; on similar landforms
Danripple soils--well drained soils; on slightly higher landforms
Dan River soils--well drained soils (seasonal high water table 30 to 40 inches); on similar landforms
Kinkora soils--poorly drained soils; on slightly lower landforms

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class: Somewhat poorly drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Shallow, common, thick
Flooding Frequency and Duration: Very rare, rare, or occasional; for very brief periods
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible or low
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately high or moderately low (Permeability: Moderately slow or slow)
Shrink-Swell Potential: Moderate

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Most areas are wooded
Dominant Vegetation: Where forested--water tolerant mixed hardwoods such willow oak, sweetgum, and red maple, and yellow-poplar. Where cultivated--corn, soybeans, and pasture.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: North Carolina and possibly Virginia
Extent: Moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Iredell County, North Carolina; 2009.

REMARKS: Wate soils were formerly included with the Wahee or Warne series. The central concept of the Wahee series is in the Tidewater MLRA (153B) and the Warne series in the MLRA 133A and 136 (thermic). Wate soils are in a drainage catena of Danripple (well drained), Banister (moderately well drained), Wate (somewhat poorly drained), and Kinkora (poorly drained) soils.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to 11 inches (A and E horizons)
Albic horizon--the zone from 5 to 11 inches (E horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 11 to 38 inches (Btg1 and Btg2 horizons)
Endosaturation--saturation in all layers to a depth of 80 inches

ADDITIONAL DATA: None

TABULAR SERIES DATA:

Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
WATE 0-8 52-57 165-205 38-54 300-1600

Soil Name FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock
WATE OCCAS VERY RARE 1.0-1.5 APPARENT DEC-MAR >80

Soil Name Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
WATE 0-11 SL FSL 0-0 95-100 5-20 2-6
WATE 0-11 L SIL VFSL 0-0 100-100 10-27 3-10
WATE 11-38 C CL SIC 0-0 100-100 35-70 8-20
WATE 38-80 VAR

Soil Name Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
WATE 0-11 4.5-6.0 0.5-5.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW
WATE 0-11 4.5-6.0 0.5-5. 0-0 0.2-2.0 LOW
WATE 11-38 3.6-5.5 0.0-.5 0-0 0.06-0.6 MODERATE
WATE 38-62

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.