LOCATION WAUPACA WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid Mollic Fluvaquents
TYPICAL PEDON: Waupaca silt loam - on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 800 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; mildly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 10 inches thick)
Cg1--9 to 13 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt, light gray (10YR 7/1) dry; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; fine stratification breaking to thin platy fragments; very friable; few roots; mildly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cg2--13 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt; common coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; fine stratification breaking to thin platy fragments; very friable; mildly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cg3--20 to 25 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt; common coarse prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) mottles; fine stratification breaking to thin platy fragments; very friable; mildly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cg4--25 to 30 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) silt; many coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; fine stratification breaking to thin platy fragments; very friable; slightly effervescent; mildly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C--30 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and brown (7.5YR 5/4) stratified silt and very fine sand; fine stratification breaking to thin platy fragments; very friable; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Waupaca County, Wisconsin; about 2 miles northeast of Clintonville; 1,340 feet north and 1,340 feet east of the southwest corner, sec. 17, T. 25 N., R. 15 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to free carbonates ranges from 15 to 40 inches. The control section ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.
The Ap or A horizon has 10YR hue, value of 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry), and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam, silt, or very fine sandy loam. Some pedons have an AC horizon.
The C horizon has 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y hue, or is neutral; value is 4 to 6, and chroma is 0 to 2 above a depth of 20 inches and 0 to 6 below a depth of 20 inches. Textures are commonly silt, silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam, or very fine sand or is stratified with these textures. The 10- to 40-inch control section averages between 2 and 18 percent clay and from 1 to 10 percent fine sand or coarser.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the only series in this family. Colwood, Keowns, Shiocton, and Wega soils are in closely related families. Colwood soils are fine-loamy and mesic. Keowns soils are coarse-loamy and mesic. Shiocton and Wega soils do not have horizons that are dominated by chroma of 2 or less within a depth of 20 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Waupaca soils are on glacial lake basins and flood plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 2 percent. They formed in silty water-laid deposits. Mean annual temperature is estimated to range from 40 to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 32 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Cathro, Shiocton, and Wega soils. Cathro soils are in slightly lower landscape positions and have 16 to 51 inches of sapric material. Shiocton and Wega soils are on slightly higher landscape positions and are somewhat poorly drained.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Surface runoff is very slow or ponded. Permeability is moderately slow or moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Where adequate drainage has been provided, these soils are in cropland. Many areas have been retained in pasture or used for woodlots or wildlife. Some areas were cleared but are now in idle cropland because of drainage system failures. The native vegetation was swamp hardwoods with some grasses and sedges.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and northern Wisconsin and northern Minnesota. These soils are of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Waupaca County, Wisconsin, 1982.
REMARKS: These soils have been correlated as a taxadjunct of Keowns soils in Calumet and Manitowoc Counties, Wisconsin.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 9 inches (Ap horizon); Ap horizon with color value (moist) of less than 4 and color value (dry) of less than 6; irregular decrease in organic carbon content with depth; aquic moisture regime; frigid temperature regime.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to 577WI-135-011 for laboratory data of this typical pedon.