LOCATION WAYDEN ND+MT SD WYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey, smectitic, calcareous, frigid, shallow Typic Ustorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Wayden silty clay - near crest of low rise on a 2 percent south-facing slope in native grass. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. When described the soil was moist throughout.)
A--0 to 3 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silty clay, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; strong very fine granular structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; many fine and very fine roots; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
Bk--3 to 7 inches; light gray (5Y 7/2) silty clay, olive gray (5Y 5/2) moist; moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; very hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common fine and very fine roots; common fine pores; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
By--7 to 15 inches; light gray (5Y 7/2) silty clay, olive gray (5Y 5/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; very hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common fine and very fine roots; many gypsum crystals; few soft shale chips; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined B and C horizons 9 to 18 inches thick)
Cr--15 to 60 inches; olive (5Y 5/3) stratified silty clay shale, pale olive (5Y 6/3) moist; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist stains on plates in places; extremely hard, very fine, slakes in water; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Bowman County, North Dakota; about 1 mile east and 1 mile south of Bowman; 475 feet north and 130 feet west of the southeast corner, sec. 13, T. 131 N., R. 102 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to soft shale ranges from 10 to 20 inches. Stony phases are recognized.
The A horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. Some uncultivated pedons have a chroma of 1. It is silty clay, silty clay loam, clay or clay loam averaging between 35 and 50 percent clay. It is slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline, although some uncultivated pedons have neutral reaction. Some pedons have an AC horizon or ABk.
The Bk and By horizons have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 8 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 1 to 4. They are silty clay, silty clay loam, clay or clay loam averaging between 35 and 50 percent clay. They are slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline. Some pedons do not have accumulations of carbonates and gypsum in some pedons and do not have Bk or By horizons.
Some pedons have C horizons above the Cr with colors, textures and reaction similar to the Bk and By horizons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Norbert and Ruko soils. Norbert soils average between 50 to 60 percent clay. Ruko soils have 10YR hue and are strongly or violently effervescent throughout the C horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wayden soils are on level to very steep sedimentary uplands. Slope gradients range from 0 to 70 percent. The Wayden soils formed in calcareous clayey material weathered from soft shales. The mean annual precipitation is 13 to 19 inches. Mean annual precipitation ranges up to 20 inches in the foothills of the mountains. The mean annual temperature is 39 to 45 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Amor, Belfield, Brandenburg, Cabba, Flasher, Moreau, Morton, Regent, Rhoades, Ringling, Sen and Vebar series. Amor, Belfield, Morton, Regent, Rhoades, Sen and Vebar soils are on nearby uplands. These soils are deeper than 20 inches to soft bedrock, have a mollic epipedon, and either a cambic or argillic horizon. Brandenburg, Flasher and Ringling soils are on nearby surrounding uplands. Brandenburg and Ringling soils have porcelanite at shallow depths. Flasher soils are sandy and formed in soft sandstone beds. Cabba and Moreau soils are on nearby, similar positions as Wayden. Cabba soils contain less than 35 percent clay. Moreau soils have a mollic epipedon and are moderately deep to shale.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Medium or rapid runoff. Slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for range, less commonly for growing small grains. Native vegetation includes western wheatgrass, little bluestem, needleandthread, sedges and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern and northern Montana, western North Dakota, northwestern South Dakota, and north-central Wyoming. The soil is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bowman County, North Dakota, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 3 inches (A horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: S61ND-45-3.