LOCATION WIELAND                 NV

Established Series
Rev. SES-PWB-JVC-JBF
05/2016

WIELAND SERIES

The Wieland series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks, loess, and volcanic ash. Wieland soils are on fan remnants, ballenas, and plateaus. Slopes are 0 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Wieland very gravelly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 5 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate thin and medium platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine vesicular and interstitial pores; 40 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 20 cm thick)

Bt1--5 to 13 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) gravelly clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and common fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 20 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)

Bt2--13 to 20 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly clay, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine and medium angular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine through medium roots; many very fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 25 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 25 cm thick)

Bt3--20 to 36 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine and medium prismatic structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; many pressure faces; 30 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 30 cm thick)

Bt4--36 to 48 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) very gravelly clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine and medium prismatic structure; very hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; common pressure faces; 40 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)

Bt5--48 to 66 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium prismatic structure; very hard, friable and firm, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots along faces of prisms; few very fine tubular pores; common pressure faces; 20 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)

Bqkm1--66 to 107 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) continuous weakly cemented gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure; very hard, firm and brittle; few very fine tubular pores; 20 percent durinodes 15 to 25 mm in diameter; common silica coats; 30 percent gravel; few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist relict masses of iron accumulation; secondary carbonates segregated as common fine filaments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (15 to 48 cm thick)

Bqkm2--107 to 132 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) continuous weakly cemented gravelly clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4); massive; very hard, firm and brittle; few very fine tubular pores; 20 percent durinodes 15 to 25 mm in diameter; common silica coats; 30 percent gravel; few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and few fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) moist relict masses of iron accumulation; secondary carbonates and gypsum segregated in few fine filaments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 40 cm thick)

Bqky--132 to 152 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; very hard, friable; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine tubular pores; 15 percent durinodes 10 to 20 millimeters in diameter; few silica coats; 10 percent gravel; common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and common fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist relict masses of iron accumulation; common fine distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist relict masses of iron and manganese accumulation; secondary carbonates and gypsum segregated as common fine and medium filaments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Elko County, Nevada; about 35 miles north of Elko; about 2,000 feet west and 1,400 feet south of the projected northeast corner of section 18, T. 38 N., R. 55 E.; USGS Wieland Flat 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 11 minutes 16 seconds N and longitude 115 degrees 49 minutes 20 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 41.1877778 latitude, -115.8222222 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist from mid-fall through spring, dry summer through fall; aridic moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to base of argillic horizon: 43 to 76 cm.
Depth to horizons with durinodes and firm, brittle matrix: 48 to 76 cm.
Other features: Gravelly substrata phases are recognized that have variegated colored Bqk horizons with 50 to 65 percent gravel and textures of very gravelly loamy sand at a depth of 100 or more cm; Some pedons have thin BA horizons; Some pedons have subhorizons of the argillic horizon with identifiable secondary carbonates; Some pedons have subhorizons below the argillic horizon with secondary gypsum.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 40 to 55 percent.
Rock fragments: Averages 5 to 35 percent gravel.

A horizon
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Bt1 horizon and BA horizon (when present)
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Structure: Weak or moderate very fine to coarse subangular blocky or prismatic.
Consistence: Slightly hard or hard, dry; very friable through firm moist; moderately sticky or very sticky and moderately plastic or very plastic wet.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Lower Bt horizons and Btk horizon (when present)
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Texture: Gravelly clay or clay.
Clay content: Averages 40 to 55 percent; some pedons have subhorizons with up to 60 percent clay.
Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent, mainly gravel.
Structure: Weak or moderate, fine to coarse prismatic or very fine to medium angular blocky.
Consistence: Slightly hard to very hard, very friable to firm.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Other features: Some pedons are slightly effervescent to strongly effervescent and commonly have carbonate filaments in the lower Bt horizons.

Bqkm horizons
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 6, dry or moist.
Texture: Gravelly sandy clay loam, gravelly clay loam, gravelly loam, gravelly sandy loam, or loam.
Clay content: 10 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent, mainly gravel.
Consistence: Very hard dry, firm and brittle moist
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent through violently effervescent.
Cementation: Continuous weak cementation in the soil matrix with 15 to 25 percent strongly cemented durinodes.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Redoximorphic features: Relict redox concentrations as masses of iron and manganese accumulation are present in many pedons.

Bqky horizon (when present)
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y.
Texture: Loam, gravelly loam, or gravelly sandy loam.
Clay content: 2 to 20 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 30 percent gravel.
Consistence: Slightly hard to very hard dry, very friable or friable moist, nonsticky or slightly sticky and nonplastic or slightly plastic, wet.
Durinodes: 15 to 25 percent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Redoximorphic features: Relict redox concentrations as masses of iron and manganese accumulation are present in many pedons.
Other features: Gypsum is present in trace amounts; Some pedons have texture of very gravelly loamy sand or extremely gravelly loamy sand at depths below 100 cm.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Tustell series. Tustell soils have horizons with stratified very gravelly loamy sand to gravelly loamy fine sand within 56 to 90 cm of the soil surface.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wieland soils are on fan remnants, ballenas, and plateaus. They typically occur on summit, shoulder, and upper backslope positions. These soils formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks, loess, and volcanic ash. Slopes are 0 to 30 percent. Elevations range from 1,310 to 2,170 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, mean annual temperature is 8 to 10 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Alley, Crooked Creek, Hunnton, and Ocala soils. Alley soils are fine-loamy. Crooked Creek soils have mollic epipedons and an aquic moisture regime. Hunnton soils are moderately deep to indurated duripans. Ocala soils are fine-silty, have endosaturation within 100 cm, and are saline-sodic.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; high or very high surface runoff; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Wieland soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly Wyoming big sagebrush, Douglas rabbitbrush, phlox, Sandberg bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, and Indian ricegrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern and central Nevada. These soils are extensive with about 243,000 acres of the series mapped to date. The series concept and main acreage occurs in MLRA 25. Other acres of this series are mapped in MLRAs 24 and 28B.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lander County (South Part), Nevada, 1985.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 5 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 5 to 132 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, and Bt5 horizons).
Duric feature - The zone from 66 to 132 cm (Bqk1 and Bqk2 horizons).
Durinodes and identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 66 to 152 cm (Bqk1, Bqk2, and Bqky horizons).
Particle size control section - The zone from 5 to 55 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons and part of the Bt5 horizon).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.